authors: Osiptsov Andrey, Tsybulko Olga
Urgency of the research. One of the most influential philosophical currents of the modern world - pragmatism - is not without problems of evolutionary changes. It is clear that this demonstrates the flexibility of the direction, its ability to respond to the “challenges” of the modern world. At the same time, it is sometimes difficult to understand the limits of philosophizing this direction. The urgency of the pragmatist concepts study is determined primarily by the importance of the created model of a person, which is placed in the center of philosophical analysis.
Target setting. Pragmatism is not a theory, but rather a set of positions covering a range of different approaches. For example, the subjectivist pragmatism of W. James and F. Schiller, the social pragmatism of D. Dewey, the functionalist (objectivist) pragmatism of C. Pearce, N. Recher, and H. Putnam.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The actual achievements of American pragmatists C. Pearce, W. James and D. Dewey, as well as works R. Rorty and N. Recher, were important for revealing the transformational peculiarities of the philosophical direction. Among modern researchers it is necessary to allocate works of such philosophers as Gryaznov, Zharkih, and Truitt, however, very little attention is paid to the discovery of evolutionary features.
The research objective. Investigation of the evolutionary transformation of the pragmatism positions.
The statement of basic material. The article deals with the question of the transformation of pragmatism key ideas. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental concepts of the founders of pragmatism as a philosophical direction. However, pragmatic philosophy is the doctrine of the rational substantiation methods of knowledge, and, above all, the substantiation of empirical knowledge. The article reveals features of relativistic and objectivist pragmatism.
Conclusions. Consequently, the determination of pragmatism as a theoretical movement is supported by its main thesis: the truth or justification of our beliefs, as well as the methods that they create, must be determined not as a certain conformity with the foreseeable external world, but as terms of successful action on the basis of beliefs relating to a certain number of practical or at least for specific purposes. In the context of the discussion of pragmatism evolution, one must admit, the existence of significant differences between relativistic and objectivist pragmatism. The first questioned any standards and neglected the theory in favor of practice, the second, on the contrary, recognizes the standard and sees in practice, especially in the scientific, direct source and grounds for verifying the validity of theories. Consequently, today the theorists face a difficult task of preventing the postmodern disintegration of pragmatism.
Keywords: pragmatism, personalism, practice, instrumentalism, relativism.
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