Select your language

authors: Natalia Kovalchuk, Liudmyla Ovsiankina


Urgency of the research. The national idea has always been an important factor in consolidating and spiritually uniting Ukrainians as a political nation and defining their identity. Today, it is also a key factor in the revival of a new, independent, free Ukraine, which testifies to its formative, constructive and creative mission. In difficult times of history, the very awareness of the national idea helps a person to realize his place and role in shaping the future of his nation. These circumstances determine the relevance of the study of the Ukrainian national idea at the crucial stages of development of Ukrainian society, which is the main factor that sets the basic guidelines for the future historical path of the nation and integrates it around these guidelines, especially in times of crisis.

Target setting. The history of our state confirms that the national idea has never been a permanent, complete phenomenon. The uniqueness and uniqueness of each nation depends on the national idea, which, as an internal engine, moves the country to progressive change, preserving the nation as such. The specificity of the national idea is that it helps a person to realize the meaning of belonging to their country, its long-term goal and the means to achieve it by the joint efforts of the whole nation. That is why the process of complex evolution of the Ukrainian national idea, which is constantly dominated by the idea of preserving ethnic identity in this context, needs serious research. This process began in the days of Kievan Rus and is extremely relevant today to solve many problems of development of the Ukrainian nation.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. S. Krymsky, M. Popovych, L. Gubersky, V. Andrushchenko, M. Mykhalchenko, Yu. Zerniy, F. Medvid, A. Fartushny, Yu. Rymarenko, L. Shklyar, S. Rymarenko, M. Rozumny, M. Stepyko, O. Maiboroda and other domestic researchers analyzed the problem of defending national identity and forming a national idea in their scientific works. They stressed that the Ukrainian national idea determines statehood, identity, independence, sovereignty, catholicity and should contribute to the construction of a truly civil society and the consolidation of modern Ukraine on a democratic basis. Despite the high level of existing theoretical developments, the problem of forming the content of the national idea and its implementation in the context of modern Ukraine remains unresolved.

The research objective. To reveal the role of the national idea in the era of the Ukrainian Baroque as a decisive stage in the formation of the Ukrainian nation. To analyze the main ideas of building the Ukrainian national idea in the context of the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood. To determine the role and significance of the creative work of M. Drahomanov in the development of the Ukrainian national idea, this has a deep connection with the history of the people, its mentality and traditions. Investigate the essence of Ivan Franko's concept of the Ukrainian political nation as a component of the Ukrainian national idea and its role in building an independent Ukraine.

The statement of basic materials. The article analyzes the specifics of the Ukrainian Baroque era, which stimulated the formation of the Ukrainian nation and the Ukrainian national idea, which acted as a unity of "physical sword" and "spiritual sword". The historical mission of Ukrainian civilization at that time, which was closely connected with the Cossacks, who embodied the spirit of freedom, free individuality, protection of the homeland from external and internal enemies, is revealed. It is believed that the Zaporozhian Sich, as a spiritual component of the Cossacks, demonstrated not only the strength and power of the Cossack shablyuk, but also was an example of patriotism, courage, high moral virtues inherent in knights. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the educational activities of the fraternities and, above all, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy as a fortress of spirituality. M. Drahomanov’s powerful contribution to the development of the Ukrainian national idea, which should be deeply connected with the history of the people, its mentality and traditions, has been studied. The significance of the role of the figure of Ivan Franko, who was one of the first in the Ukrainian political thought of the XIX-XX centuries to form the concept of the Ukrainian political nation as the main component of the national idea, is revealed.

Conclusions. The most powerful Ukrainian national idea, which originated in Kievan Rus, manifested itself during the Ukrainian Baroque. The national idea in this day has acquired a double meaning: first, it is the Cossacks, as the main force in the defense of the Ukrainian state; secondly, the spiritual activity of the fraternities and the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. The new stage of development of the Ukrainian national idea is connected with the activity of the Cyril and Methodius Society and the program document of this organization, presented by M. Kostomarov in the "Book of the Existence of the Ukrainian people". M. Drahomanov made a powerful contribution to the development of the Ukrainian national idea, emphasizing the need for a deep connection with the history of the people, their mentality and traditions. In the XIX-XX centuries the figure of Ivan Franko became fundamental in continuing the formation of the concept of the Ukrainian political nation as the main component of the national idea. Nowadays, the formation of the essence and content of the Ukrainian national idea is in a state of search. After all, the process of forming the Ukrainian national idea is a complex and incomplete phenomenon. It is influenced by such factors as: cultural and historical heritage; understanding of historical reality; system of national interests, which change depending on internal and external transformation processes. The development and effective implementation of the national idea depends on the observance of such priority factors as humanism, democratization and orientation to the values of civil society, the social nature of reforms, the priority of national interests over global ones, strengthening the state's authority, economy, etc. The basis of all these processes must remain the unique spirituality, culture and humanity inherent in the Ukrainian nation.

Keywords: national idea, the era of Ukrainian Baroque, identity, independence, freedom, national interests, future state formation.


References:

1. Bileckij, OI, Bass, II & Kiselov, OI 1958. Zhittya i tvorchist I. Franka (Life and work of Ivan Franko), Kiyiv: Vid-vo AN URSR, 1958, 357 s.

2. Guberskij, L, Andrushenko, V & Mihalchenko, M 2005. Kultura. Ideologiya. Osobistist: Metodologo-svitoglyad. Analiz (Culture. Ideology. Personality: Methodological worldview. Analysis), Kiyiv: Znannya Ukrayini, 2-e vid., 580 s.

3. Dragomanov, MP 1915. Chudacki dumki pro ukrayinsku nacionalnu spravu (Odd thoughts about the Ukrainian national cause), Viden: Naklad i druk partijnoyi drukarni, 1915, 121 s.

4. Zernij, YuO 2008. ‘Vzayemozv’yazok istorichnoyi pam’yati ta nacionalnoyi identichnosti (Relationship between historical memory and national identity)’, Politichnij menedzhment, № 5, s. 104-115.

5. Kanak, FM 1998. ‘Nacionalna ideya ta yiyi vtilennya (National idea and its implementation)’, Rozbudova derzhavi, № 7-8, s. 40-47.

6. Karizka, IO 1998. Kulturni osnovi zhittyediyalnosti naciyi Fenomen naciyi: osnovi zhittyediyalnosti (Cultural foundations of the nation's life Phenomenon of the nation: the basics of life), Kiyiv: Znannya, s. 77-93.

7. Kostomarov, MI 1991. Zakon Bozhij (Kniga buttya ukrayinskogo narodu) (Law of God (Book of Genesis of the Ukrainian people)), Kiyiv: Libid, 40 s.

8. Krimskij, SB 2009. Rankovi rozdumi (Morning Reflections), Kiyiv: Majsternya Bileckih, 120 s.

9. Majboroda, OM 2017. Etnichnist u mizhnarodnij sistemi (Ethnicity in the international system), Kiyiv: IPiEND im. I.F. Kurasa NANU, 448 s.

10. Medvid, FM 2005. ‘Ukrayinska nacionalna ideya yak determinanta derzhavotvorchih procesiv (Ukrainian national idea as a determinant of state-building processes)’, Politichnij menedzhment, 2005, №5, s. 35-43.

11. Popovich, MV 2019. ‘Chervone stolittya (Red Century)’, Kiyiv: Vidavnichij dim “ArtEk”, 888 s. 12. Prokopovich, F 1979. ‘Pro ritorichne mistectvo (On rhetorical art)’, v kn. Prokopovich F. Filosofski tvori u 2 t., Kiyiv: Naukova dumka, T. 1, 512 s.

13. Rimarenko, YuI, Shklyar, LYe & Rimarenko, SYu 2001. Etnoderzhavoznavstvo. Teoretiko-metodologichni zasadi (Ethnic State Studies. Theoretical and methodological principles), Kiyiv: In-t derzhavi i prava im. V. M. Koreckogo NAN Ukrayini, 264 s.

14. Rozumnij, MM 2016. Vikliki nacionalnogo samoviznachennya (Challenges of national self-determination). Monografiya, Kiyiv: NISD, 196 s.

15. Stepiko, MT 2011. Ukrayinska identichnist: fenomen i zasadi formuvannya (Ukrainian Identity: Phenomenon and Principles of Formation), Kiyiv: Nacionalnij institut strategichnih doslidzhen, 336 s.

16. Fartushnij, AA 2000. Ukrayinska nacionalna ideya yak pidstava derzhavotvorennya (Ukrainian national idea as the basis of state formation). Monografiya, Lviv: NU „LP”, 308 s.

17. Franko, IYa 1976. Zibrannya tvoriv : u 50 t (Collection of works: in 50 volumes). AN URSR, In-t lit. im. T.G. Shevchenka, Kiyiv: Naukova dumka, T. 1. s. 65-66.