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author: Olga Rak
Urgency of the research. During the war, the understanding of happiness changed, and the value of life also gave a new form of explanation, so the topic has become even more relevant today. The article is devoted to the analysis of Epicur philosophical views on death, happiness, knowledge and other important topics. In the course of the study, the author elaborates on Epicur arguments as to why death is not evil, as well as his ideas on how to achieve happiness in life.
Target setting. The article reveals that the philosophy of Epicurus offers practical communicative and value-based advice on how to live without fear of death, appreciate life and find joy in simple things. In his philosophical reflections, Epicur emphasizes the importance of a reasonable life, ethics, justice, knowledge and judgment. When studying this problem, we see a significant influence of Epicureism on Ukrainian culture. The author of the article provides examples of the use of Epicurus' ideas in the works of such Ukrainian writers as: Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka and Mykola Khvylovyi.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Scientific research on the philosophical views of Epicur on problematic concepts is presented in the works of famous Ukrainian authors, such as: M. M. Movchan, O. V. Kuleshov, L. S. Kuchera, P. A. Kravchenko, V. L. Petrushenko, M. V. Sinelnikova. We should single out the American classic, scientist-philosopher David Konstan, who studied Epicurean philosophy and his work “Some Aspects of Epicurean Psychology”.
The research objective. Identification of the main points in Epicurean philosophy is the existence of man, the value of life and being, understanding of the basic concepts of “happiness”, “pleasure”, “fear”, “suffering”, etc. The philosopher emphasises that the best way to achieve happiness and satisfaction is to have as few needs from life as possible. And so, the task of the day is to identify the best tips for living in order to gain pleasure and happiness in human existence.
The statement of basic materials. The philosopher had an optimistic approach to the ethics of life and pleasure and believed that in everything there is a measure of its observance. The ideal of life and being is to satisfy natural, not created desires. In no way was Epicur against envy and evil intentions to harm someone, the main thing in his life was to remember selfless kindness, because it is always rewarded. The scientist emphasized the need to constantly work on his knowledge and senses in order to be useful to many. The philosopher's most important communicative advice was to understand happiness and be able to be satisfied with the least, also to treat death as the end of human existence and to live enjoying natural and physical existence, to enjoy life, but to remember the limits of admissibility of forbidden passions.
Conclusions. The purpose of our life is the search for happiness, to live virtuously and justly, to control our thoughts, and therefore to acquire intelligence and knowledge. The author has developed the conclusion that the main communicative and valuable advice is the principle of satisfaction according to Epicur - it is not just a search for physical joys, but a comprehensive approach to life, which includes understanding and satisfying both physical and mental needs, and ultimately - achievement “ataraxia”, that is peace of mind.
Keywords: death, fear, happiness, pleasure, epicureanism, communicative value advice, ataraxia
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author: Viktor Polishchuk
Urgency of the research. The concept of sustainable development is one of the key paradigms of modern scientific thought, integrating economic, environmental, and social aspects. In the context of accelerated technological development, population growth, and intensive use of natural resources, the issue of balanced development becomes critically important. Global environmental and social crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine that began in 2022, have exacerbated social and economic inequalities, worsened the state of the global ecosystem, and highlighted the importance of international cooperation in addressing global challenges. In modern conditions, the concept of sustainable development gains new momentum, emphasizing the need for comprehensive integration of environmental, social, and economic aspects of development, which becomes the main prerequisite for the long-term preservation of human civilization and natural resources.
Target setting. The modern concept of sustainable development emerges as a response to a series of global challenges, particularly economic, social, and environmental. Traditional models of economic growth, focused on maximizing resource use, lead to environmental degradation, social inequalities, and economic instability. The main issue of sustainable development lies in the need to find a balance between meeting the needs of the current generation and preserving resources for future generations. Global challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, have intensified these issues, emphasizing the importance of integrating environmental, social, and economic aspects of development. Addressing these problems requires a multidisciplinary approach and the development of new strategies capable of ensuring the long-term and harmonious development of humanity.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The concept of sustainable development has been widely studied by many scholars. The report “The Limits to Growth” (1972) by Donella and Dennis Meadows, Jørgen Randers, and William Behrens first emphasized the planet's limited resources. E. F. Schumacher in “Small Is Beautiful” (1973) proposed a human-centered approach to economics, while Alvin Toffler in “The Third Wave” (1980) examined society’s adaptation to rapid changes. The Brundtland Report “Our Common Future” (1987) established the notion of sustainable development at the international level. R. Costanza, H. Daly, and J. Lovelock highlighted ecological economics and resource conservation, while Z. Hull and H. Jonas explored ethical responsibility towards future generations. A. Papuziński systematized the philosophical paradigms of sustainable development, identifying pragmatic, conservative, and systemic approaches. A. Fergus, J. Rowney, J. Habermas, and M. Foucault emphasized the importance of discourse in sustainable development. Contributions by G. Nersesyan and S. Gordidzhin focus on the regulation of corporate social responsibility.
The research objective. To examine the evolution of the concept of sustainable development from a philosophical perspective, particularly its socio-philosophical aspects, and to determine their significance for ensuring the harmonious development of society.
The statement of basic materials. The evolution of the concept of sustainable development is examined from its historical origins to modern paradigms. The impact of global crises on achieving sustainable development goals and the integration of environmental, economic, and social dimensions into decision-making processes is analyzed. Special attention is given to corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an ethical component of business and its role in sustainable development.
Conclusions. The concept of sustainable development is key to ensuring the long-term development of humanity. Its integration into social philosophy enables harmonious development that considers economic, social, and environmental aspects. International initiatives, such as the 1992 UN Conference and the Earth Charter, have contributed to establishing the concept of sustainable development on a global level, emphasizing the integration of all aspects of development. Philosophical approaches to sustainable development, presented in the works of contemporary researchers, range from pragmatic to systemic, offering various paths to achieving harmonious development. The concept of sustainable development underscores the importance of social equality and the fair distribution of resources, which are essential for the long-term development of humanity. Its integration into economic and environmental aspects ensures development sustainability, while philosophical reflection facilitates further theoretical and practical understanding of this concept as a social and ethical imperative. Philosophical analysis of sustainable development is a crucial element for further research and practical implementation of this concept.
Keywords: sustainable development, socio-philosophical aspects, global challenges, corporate social responsibility, harmonious development
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authors: Tamara Rudenko, Vladyslav Bezpalko
Urgency of the research. Creative activity, primarily scientific and technical creativity, is a spiritual and social phenomenon as a result of which a person produces theoretical, technical and technological products that satisfy his needs. Technology and engineering make human life easier. However, global problems also arise in the context of technogenic content. Information technologies have a great socio-cultural impact, ensuring the interests, communication of people, their exchange of information, however, this reduces the level of autonomy, privacy, security, which calls into question the observance of human rights in the digital era. Accordingly, the philosophical understanding of the interaction of man and technology is a relevant problem today.
Target setting. Philosophical understanding of the nature of creativity, the specifics of creative activity occupies an important place in the history of philosophical thought. And consideration of human creative activity in the context of the development of the technosphere of modern society will provide an opportunity to prevent the negative consequences of the development of technology and engineering. The development of the modern technical environment is constantly gaining momentum, which indicates the formation of a new reality in which the technical and technological become a priority and have an integrated character. The technosphere must develop coevolutionarily in relation to nature, man, and society.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. A large number of philosophical works are devoted to the study of creativity and creative activity, among which creativity is considered as a spiritual and social phenomenon - the works of I. Voloshchuk, L. Goncharova, V. Molyako, V. Shynkaruk and other researchers; as a means of cognition and transformation of the world, as innovative activity, creativity is studied in the works of L. Garashchenko, L. Kozak, D. Kochmar, O. Leontiev, B. Novikov, O. Chumak. Creative activity, creative thinking, and the development of human creative abilities are studied by D. Alfimova, E. Butenko, I. Volkova, O. Matyushkin, V. Molyako, V. Romenets, and Ya. Sikora. The study examined the works of domestic and foreign researchers, whose subject of study was technological, socio-cultural transformations of modern society. The features of the development of the “technosphere” are considered by O. Dolska, L. Slipchyshyn, P. Teilhard de Chardin, M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, E. Toffler.
The research objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of creative activity; consider the concept of “technosphere”, study the regularities of the functioning of the technosphere and identify the mechanisms of its influence on human life. Consideration of creative activity in the context of the development of modern technology and engineering will contribute to a deeper understanding of the specifics of creativity.
The statement of basic materials. Most often, creativity is considered as an activity in the process of which qualitatively new material and spiritual values are created. Such signs of creative activity are defined as the development of social values, the use of new methods of activity and means of production. In the process of activity, a person uses existing knowledge and masters new ones. Creativity becomes an act of revealing existing patterns through the reflection of reality and through its transformation. Activity is always purposeful, a person formulates and solves problems, chooses the optimal ways to solve them. Creativity is a form of development of society and culture. An active approach to creativity determines the ability of an individual to create new cultural values, and in the process of activity, the communicative, intellectual, emotional and volitional capabilities of the individual are revealed. Creativity is the highest form of activity, it is a distinctive essence of man. The results of technical creativity are new tools, design products, technological processes that have social value. Accordingly, technology and engineering appear as a phenomenon of the world around us. The technosphere affects spiritual life, a transformation of human value orientations is taking place. The ethics of interaction with technological systems is becoming one of the most pressing problems of the digital age. The development of the technosphere should occur coevolutionarily - harmoniously in relation to all its components. The functional purpose of technology is to improve the conditions of human existence, therefore, when developing technology and technologies, anthropological, psychological, environmental, and ethical factors should be taken into account.
Conclusions. Consideration of the technosphere, definition of the subject of research and methodological approaches to the study of this phenomenon are problematic issues of modern philosophical discourse. The term “technosphere”, most often, is used for the philosophical analysis of the modern technical environment. With the use of computer tools and technologies in all spheres of social life, the modern picture of the world is changing. The development of science, technology and engineering is impossible to imagine without the creative activity of man. Each historical stage of social development is distinguished by the characteristic features of the technical environment. And in the future, we will observe the development of technology and engineering, especially information technology. Information technologies should ensure effective interaction between people, promote the development of science, education, and culture.
Key words: creativity, creative activity, man, nature, technosphere, technology, technology reality, thinking, spirituality, social development, society, digital age
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author: Ihor Komisar
Urgency of the research. The relevance of this study is due to the fundamental importance of the problem of the nature of knowledge in philosophy, which encompasses the search for the basic principles that determine human understanding of reality. The metaphysics of knowledge expands the framework of epistemological analysis, addressing ontological issues that underlie the possibility of knowledge. In the modern world, where scientific and technological advances transform the concept of knowledge and reality, the study of the metaphysical foundations of knowledge not only deepens philosophical understanding, but also offers new conceptual approaches to the interpretation of reality.
Target setting. The problem of the metaphysical foundations of knowledge is to determine its nature, limits, and connection with reality and being. This requires an analysis of the ontological and epistemological assumptions of various philosophical traditions that shape the modern understanding of knowledge as a process integrated into the context of human existence.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In studying this issue, we relied on the works of Plato, Aristotle, R. Descartes, I. Kant, H. Hegel, M. Heidegger, W. Quine, A. Whitehead, as well as modern researchers such as V. Petrushenko, A. Guay, T. Pradeu, M. Esfeld, A. Bryant, and others.
The research objective. The objective of the research is to identify the ontological foundations of knowledge, analyze key metaphysical concepts, and assess their impact on the modern philosophical understanding of the connection between knowledge, reality, and being.
The statement of basic material. The article studies the metaphysical foundations of knowledge through a comparative analysis of classical, modern, and contemporary philosophical approaches. The main metaphysical concepts, such as the dualism of knowledge and reality, the immanence of knowledge in the material world, the role of subjectivity, the dialectical development of knowledge, existential involvement in being, and the procedural nature of knowledge, are considered. The author focuses on the fact that the metaphysical approach to knowledge contributes to deepening the understanding of its nature, limits, and epistemic validity, which expands the modern vision of reality and existence.
Conclusions. Metaphysical concepts of knowledge play a key role in the philosophical understanding of the nature of cognition, its limits, and its connection to reality. From classical dualistic approaches to modern dynamic and relational models, the metaphysics of knowledge reveals it as a multidimensional process that integrates ontological, epistemological, and existential aspects, contributing to the formation of a holistic understanding of reality and being.
Keywords: metaphysics, knowledge, dualism, immanence, subjectivity, dialectics, cognition, reality
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author: Vitaly Zablotskyi
Urgency of the research. One of the most obvious and efficient form of spiritual influence is a myth. Mythology as sophisticated form of cognitive and emotional experience – not only a part of ancient heritage, but crucially important weapon in contemporary world.
Target setting. Discoursive strategy represents a way for modern interpretation of mythological worldview as cognitive «packing» of senses and relevant expressive deployment of the core social values.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Theoretical explorations within mythological Universe have a deep roots – from the Ancient world till our times. Cotemporary thought expresses an important conclusion about myth as evergreen form of worldview, as source of art, creative thinking and so on. Prominent tribute in mythological studies was done by R.Barthes, J. Baudrillard, M. Eliade, A. Losev, V. Toporov, M. Popovich, V. Skurativskyy, S. Krymskyy etc.
The research objective. Discoursive mythology is a definite program of gradual reconstruction of mythological design – where mythology is a great set (depository) of social experience. Deployment of such experience establish itself through the core functions. Therefore, main way for the adequate understanding of mythology nature (and mission) is (relatively) comprehensive characteristic of mythological functions.
The statement of basic material. The proposed article is devoted to the discoursive analysis of the nature and essence of the myth, which is understood as an invariant form of the organization of consciousness, as it exists from ancient times to the present day. Its existence is connected with the need for a comprehensive explanation of everything essential, on which the preservation and existence of the community depends. Such “completion” to completeness is carried out, including with the help of imagination, non-linear thinking, the form of which is a myth. The myth realizes its essence through a number of interconnected functions, each of which itself contains a number of corresponding “child” functions. The most important of them are socio-creative (social), cognitive (worldview), and expressive.
Conclusions. Myth is an embodiment of deep dimensions of human nature. Each stage of history has relevant core version of mythology. It’s a necessary element (and mental formation) of all other specialized forms of social and individual consciousness.
Keywords: myth, mythology, discoursive mythology, worldview, functions.
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