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author: Natalya Korol
Urgency of the research. The drama and scale of the situation in which Ukraine found itself with the beginning of an active period of Russian aggression necessitate a paradigmatic understanding of matters that allow us to understand the behaviour (and motivation) of our geopolitical neighbors. In this research, we will describe Poland and the determinants of its worldview and, therefore, its geopolitical self-positioning.
Target setting. One of the structural elements of national identity is the concept of territory (homeland). In the Polish national consciousness, the concept of its own territory, and with it the concept of a homeland, is very often marginalized. To replace him in the epicentre of humanitarian studios, the concept of “kresy” arises.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The historiography of kresy studies can be structured according to the bipolar principle. On the one hand, a set of studies performed in a nostalgic-apologetic direction. The opposite pole of humanitarian discourse is represented by attempts to comprehend the phenomenon of “kresy” by applying the anti-colonial paradigm.
The research objective. Given the historical overlay of territories that are both “native land/homeland” for Ukrainians and kresy/borderland for the Polish nation, it is worth attempting to rethink the etymology and historical evolution of the concept of “kresy” in the context of its significance for national self-identification. It is also advisable to outline within which methodological approaches it is possible to carry out a scientific study of the phenomenon of kresy as a space of borderland and an element of national identity.
The statement of basic materials. To consider the correlation between the concept of the fatherland and the concept of kresy as a border territory itself (borderland), it is worth turning to the historical past in order to understand the process of evolution of the semantic and conceptual content of the concept of “kresy” Each stage of changing the semantic content of the concept of kresy can be correlated with a certain methodological paradigm, which allows us to comprehend its role in the history, culture, and politics of Poland. Accordingly, the kresy phenomenon can be considered in various paradigms: grand narrative, memory studies, and postcolonial.
Conclusions. Kresy embodies the idea of the quintessence of “Polishness” sometimes replacing the concept of the homeland and national territory. Given the modern civilizational and cultural situation and the new establishment of the boundaries of civilizations, the joint efforts of scientists in rethinking the borderland (and kresy) as a space of a common civilizational frontier are necessary.
Keywords: borderland, national identity, national consciousness, Kresy, postcolonial discourse, narrative
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author: Oleksii Vasyliev
Urgency of the research. Significant demand for biographical and autobiographical works as fiction and scientific reading in recent decades has been accompanied by the so-called “biographical turn” in humanities, in particular philosophy. In this connection, the relevance of determining the scientific-methodological and practical life-creating potential in the self-reflective practice of creating a biography/autobiography is growing.
Target setting. There is a controversy surrounding the question of whether the biographical approach has sufficient methodological potential. Biographers see an inseparable connection between the biography of an individual and the socio-cultural conditions of his existence. Anti-biographers separate science from the biography of a scientist, and deny the importance of studying the life circumstances of individuals for a better understanding of their scientific and creative achievements.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. A significant impetus for understanding and involvement of the scientific potential embedded in the life description practices was given in works of F. Schleiermacher, V. Dilthey, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, R. Rorty. Ukrainian scientists O. Valevskyi, V. Horskyi, I. Holubovych, A. Tsyapa, V. Menzhulin have especially carefully worked out the biographical discourse within the framework of philosophical science and have derived some thorough, in our opinion, methodological principles
The research objective. This research examines biography and autobiography as a socio-cultural and cultural-anthropological phenomenon by identifying the differences and similarities between them. We will also explore fiction and/or falsified biography as a self-reflective practice and explore its methodological potential in relation to reality. We will also consider autobiographical practices using vivid examples of the pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrialeras
The statement of basic materials. Differences between biography and autobiography at the socio-cultural and cultural-anthropological level can be of fundamental importance in the case when the biography serves as a practice of distinguishing between the “I” of the narrator and the Others. The difference between the two genres becomes fundamental at the level of consideration of the character against the background of his social environment, historical and cultural circumstances. An important question for modern researchers is the border that separates the autobiographical narrative, which strives to be as close as possible to reality, from the imaginary or even deliberately constructed. Perhaps the most important work that reflects the transition from ancient memoirs, epistles and self-reflective lyrics, as well as the genre of medieval hagiography to autobiography itself, is the “Confessions” of Augustine Aurelius, in which many researchers see the first complete work built using psychological introspection. Autobiography as a separate genre in the modern sense took shape at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, standing out from other works that contained elements of self-reflection, subjectivity, and authorial self-identification. In the post-industrial era, biographical/autobiographical collisions take on the most sophisticated form and vividly express the relationship between the individual and society. The conflict on the boundary of Self/Other deepens, the importance of the connection between the author's life and his work increases in public consciousness, which turns into a kind of reaction of the most sensitive authors to the trends of the era.
Conclusions. Biography/autobiography in a broad sense can be a practice of awareness, rethinking and mutual reflection of socio-cultural, philosophical and cultural-anthropological phenomena through the prism of experience and self-reflection practices of an individual. That is, we can consider biography/autobiography as a kind of bridge between narrative and existential dimensions. From the point of view of the methodological potential, the biographical approach cannot build a methodological justification from itself and needs a justification that refers to a higher level of the humanitarian paradigm.
Key words: autobiography, autofiction, life writing, mystification, falsification, fiction, self-representation, self-reflection
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author: Maksym Biryuk
Urgency of the research. Integration into the Western legal field, where equality is the most fundamental value, is one of the important steps in bringing our country closer to full membership in the European Union.
Target setting. Focusing exclusively on the legal aspect of the problem, on compliance with the law, should not hide the fact that the idea of equality is a deeper philosophical problem. Equality as a moral value is culturally determined, depends on the worldview and ideological framework, on one or another paradigm of socio-political thought. The struggle against inequality as injustice for the purpose of affirming human dignity is existential in nature.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In the analysis of the ideas of social equality, inequality and justice through the prism of the main ideological paradigms of political philosophy, we rely on the ideas of the classics of philosophical thought (Plato, Aristotle, J. de Maistre, K. Marx, A. Camus) and on modern theorists of egalitarianism (J. Rawls, J. Pole, H. Phelps Brown, F. Hayek, R. Dworkin, etc.).
The research objective. First, we will consider the different gradations of social equality, and look at the main arguments in favor of equality from the point of view of egalitarianism. Next, we will analyze how the idea of equality is interpreted in three key ideological traditions (paradigms) of Western social and political thought: liberalism, socialism, and conservatism.
The statement of basic materials. The main gradations of social equality are considered, in particular, formal equality, equality of treatment, equality of opportunities, equality of consideration. It is noted that the philosophy of conservatism, as nostalgia for the state system of the ancient regime, denies equality and acts as an apologist for social inequality expressed in the idea of natural aristocracy. The philosophy of liberalism focuses attention on the formal aspects of equality before the law and political equality. Liberalism is based on the idea of meritocracy, where the equality of starting opportunities allows us to reveal the inequality of human potential. If the tradition of liberalism is characterized by a combination of the ideas of equality and individualism, then for socialism equality is necessarily connected with the idea of the dominance of the collective over the individual. The highest non-ideological gradation of equality is equality of consideration, which can also be called the ontological equality of all people.
Conclusions. Certain gradations of social equality have been established, which are stages of gradual overcoming of inequality. Formal “equality before the law” based on the principle of like for like, equality of opportunities and equality of consideration were considered. It is noted that the philosophy of conservatism is characterized by a zero degree of equality, the philosophy of liberalism is characterized by a reliance on formal equality and equality of opportunities, and the philosophy of socialism is characterized by an understanding of social equality as equality of outcomes. As for equality of treatment, it can be considered a non-ideological characteristic.
Keywords: egalitarianism, equality as a moral value, social equality, justice, ideological paradigm, liberalism, socialism, conservatism.
authors: Nataliia Denysenko, Tetiana Shchyrytsia
Urgency of the research. The urgency of the research lies in the evolving practices of social work within the context of democratizing Ukrainian society and prioritizing the values and norms of a legal society. This transformation is influenced by the social order and the ethos of social work, guided by the fundamental values of freedom, justice, and solidarity, particularly in reflection on crisis situations.
Target setting. This study marks the first engagement with the concept of cognitive communication within Ukrainian social-philosophical and educational discourses concerning the practices of social work and volunteerism as a resource.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Recent research and publications are analyzed by integrating the potential of Socratic dialogue, the tradition of dialogical philosophy by M. Buber, J. Habermas's theory of communicative action, discourse ethics by J. Habermas and K.-O. Apel, the phenome-nological investigations into the topology of the Other by B. Waldenfels, trust research by O. Kozhemiakina, historical explorations of “distant closeness” by V. Yermolenko, and other detailed studies that specifically elaborate on cognitive (linguistic) communication as the linguistic-communicative competence of the social worker.
The research objective. The research objective is to define the theoretical and practical significance of cognitive (linguistic) communication and volunteerism as a resource in social work.
The statement of basic materials. In the paradigm of the communicative turn from subjectivity to intersubjectivity, this study suggests employing the concept of cognitive communication, defining its content and form based on social work theories. It covers psychologically oriented, humanistic-personalistic, role theory and stigma, and the Strength-Based Perspective theories. To describe volunteerism as a resource in social work practices, Pierre Bourdieu's concept of social capital is utilized.
Conclusions. The conclusions offer specific proposals for using a lexicon in social work practices with people with disabilities that does not diminish their human dignity, which appears a priori in everyday communication. It was emphasized that such communication is possible only under conditions of trust. Future developments in volunteerism and other forms of everyday social work practices are intended to be explored within the horizon of self-organizational system functioning.
Keywords: cognition, communication, communicative action, communicative competence, communicative turn in 20th-century philosophy, social work practices, volunteerism as a resource in social work
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author: Oleksandr Bakumenko
Urgency of the research. The contradiction between technological and biological as a marker of scientific and technological shifts of modern civilization is a modification of the conflict / contradiction of two cultures – technical and spiritual culture. If the first is undergoing an unprecedented development, then it is the spiritual culture that needs special attention, which is connected with the rethinking of the existing system of values, namely humanistic guidelines as a matrix responsible for the idea of preserving humanity. Such humanistic constants as responsibility, openness, freedom, tolerance, compassion, the ability to compromise, moderation are primarily those components without which science, scientific activity remains the embodiment of the instrumental mind, turning into self-worth.
Target setting. Science as a socio-cultural phenomenon is one of the main factors of modern transformation. Understanding the meaning of the latter unfolds in the coordinates “efficiency – success – productivity”, which correlates with the problem of truth / falsity of scientific knowledge, which can be understood as a problem of scientificity and non-scientific nature. If classical science was defined in the system of cause-and-effect relationships / linearity, non-classical science became possible in a dialectical dimension, then post-non-classical science unfolds in the coordinates of multiplicity / plurality / variability, which makes it impossible to have a single paradigm. The specified polyparadigmality articulates the problem of non-scientific knowledge and its importance in overcoming the absolutization of scientific centrism, which acquires special importance in the situation of technological modernity.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The works of T. Kuhn, I. Lakatos, K. Popper, B. Russell, P. Feyerabend, and others are devoted to the study of modes of scientific and non-scientific knowledge. Among Ukrainian researchers, it is worth mentioning I. Zagriichuk, S. Krymsky, M. Popovych, L. Drotyanko, I. Chornomordenko.
The research objective. Turning to non-scientific knowledge in the challenges of technological modernity presupposes the following tasks: to investigate non-scientific knowledge in the context of the opposition “Science-Humanity’s”; to reveal the meaning of non-scientific knowledge as a condition for preventing the monologism of science; determine the relationship between scientific and non-scientific knowledge as an opportunity to create a single integrated platform that overcomes the discontinuity / dualism of two cultures, thereby actualizing the internal potential for the development of humanity as a world community
The statement of basic materials. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of scientific and non-scientific knowledge, which is fundamentally related to the understanding of the possible horizons of human activity, which appears as a result of the latter’s self-development. Modern civilization, as a technological one, has not resolved the conflict between scientific and technical development and the value system, which gives rise to a multitude of contradictions, one of which is the “lagging behind” of the humanitarian component from the intensive development of the technological component.
Conclusions. The question of the relationship between scientific and non-scientific knowledge, about the possible prospects for the further development of humanity, about the possibility of a single integral platform that overcomes the discontinuity / dualism of two cultures at the beginning of the 21st century, is taking on a new configuration. It is about the existing potential of non-scientific knowledge in the current situation, primarily the strengthening of interaction between the elements of the “philosophy-science-education” system, because the lack of internal coordination can lead to the formation of a technocratic culture. The connection of humanities and natural sciences is a project of realizing the sustainable development of humanity and is a condition for the preservation of the essence of man.
Key words: non-scientific knowledge, scientific knowledge, science, post-non-classical science, manufacturability, scientific and technical revolution, scientific paradigm
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