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author: Mykola Spiridonov
Urgency of the research is connected primarily and mainly with the specificity of the influence of the information society on the formation of perceptions of democracy and the formation of the discourse of democracy: if inadequate, tendentious, demagogic, populist, etc. impressions are created about the phenomenon of democracy, then individual and collective impressions are channeled in false directions, which have nothing to do with real problems, and therefore cannot in principle serve to solve the real problems of democracy.
Target setting. The inadequacy of information support of democratic phenomenology is the key factor that generates and scales the problems in the research sphere regarding the praxeolo-gical collisions of democracy and their reflection at the level of theoretical and conceptual proposal.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Hundreds of thorough works have been devoted to various aspects of democratic theory and the practical difficulties of its implementation. The most coherent with the subject matter of this study is the fundamental monograph by Oleksandr Skrypniuk, as well as numerous publications by Alain de Benoist, Jason Brennan, Ralph Darendorf, John Ecton, Kevin Eliot, Jacques Ellul, Kevin Calhoun, Helen Landmore, Giovanni Sartori, Tomislav Sutic, Richard Tuck, and Tsvetan Todorov.
The research objective. The solution of problematic challenges in the sphere of functioning and prospects of development of democracy requires systematisation of the shortcomings of democracy of the modern model and identification of mechanisms for overcoming them at the level of social practices.
The statement of basic material. In our time, what is called “democratic choice” is mostly an illusion, a fiction of full-fledged choice: it is “choice in the actual absence of choice” when one has to choose among pseudo-alternatives imposed by the information agenda. These quasi-alternatives may have nothing to do with the interests and needs of the people. Democracy of modern quality is more and more an instrument of information suggestion and propaganda manipulation. Последствия таких процедур безнадежно далеки от классических канонов демократии, от идеи демократии как народной власти, осуществляемой народом и в его интересах.
Conclusions. In order to bring the notion of democracy to a common criterion denominator of substantive cogency, it is necessary to develop, if not consensus, at least conventional clarity about certain fundamental identifications of democracy such as the democratic minimum - those substantive attributes that provide necessary and sufficient grounds for the substantive demarcation of phenomena of democratic etiology. Discourse about democracy, its opportunities, shortcomings, and prospects requires the removal of the information “filters” common nowadays in the form of tendentiousness, mythologising, stereotyping, etc.
Keywords: democracy, efficiency of functioning, civil society, information picture of the world, criterion features, and problematic challenges
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author: Illia Vodovozov
Urgency of the research. In the conditions of modern military challenges, which Ukrainian society has withstood with dignity for a long time, engineering thinking acquires special significance. The intentionality of engineering thinking has a completely different direction in the horizons of peaceful life and in conditions of war. In war options, the technical and creative creativity of engineering thinking is mainly manifested in the development of effective weapons of mass destruction, as well as countermeasures and protection. Accordingly, there is a growing public demand for military engineers and creative workers in the military industry, and especially for a creative engineer who creates vital devices in extreme conditions.
Target setting. High-tech confrontations, security and defense capabilities, the role of engineering in humanitarian missions and rehabilitation, ethical issues of the development of military technologies, the impact of globalization and the role of engineering thinking in post-conflict reconstruction are gaining special importance in modern philosophical discourse. The purpose of the research is to determine the functional potential, social significance and role played by engineering thinking in the creation of state-of-the-art technologies in the conditions of war, as well as to reveal the ambivalence of the impulses of engineering thinking in the options of war and peace.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The works of S. Winchester, E. Meyers, K. Mitch, K. Smythe, A. Ustundag, E. Chevikkan, E. Schatzberg, and others are devoted to the study of the role of technology and engineering in the human life space. Axiological and cultural-anthropological aspects of engineering thinking are considered in the works of Ukrainian researchers. First of all, this is the research of V. Voronkova, I. Goliad, I. Markus, and O. Shulga. Discussions about the responsible use of technology in the context of military operations and the creation and development of more peaceful innovations are of particular importance.
The statement of basic materials. Philosophy of technology is an important area of study because it examines the impact of technology on human existence, society, and the future of humanity. Technologies have a significant impact on human life and international relations, creating new challenges and fundamental questions about the ethics of their use, the responsibility of developers and users, as well as possible consequences for the future world. Issues related to establishing a balance between technological capabilities and general values of society require special attention. The question of the genesis of the definition of engineering success requires special attention, which can conditionally occur depending on the context where the project is carried out. In peacetime, the success of this project is evaluated according to the criteria of efficiency, economy and innovation, since the task is to improve technologies, optimize processes and ensure sustainable development. Engineering thinking in the conditions of a globalized world and longterm geopolitical claims must be ready for such challenges. First of all, it is about responsibility in ensuring the ethical and safe use of their developments. It is about supporting international efforts to control and regulate the export of military equipment, developing principles and standards for the ethical development and use of technologies for military purposes. In addition, engineers can play an active role in the development of technologies aimed at peaceful purposes and limiting the possibility of using technology in military conflicts. The functional potential of engineering thinking in the creation of state-of-the-art technologies in the conditions of war is specified through the ability to develop, implement and adapt technical solutions capable of responding to complex military challenges. This covers the following aspects: innovativeness, adaptability, cooperation.
Conclusions. The prospects for the development of engineering thinking in the context of war depend on many factors, which include scientific and technological progress, the political situation, economic opportunities, social requirements, ethical values, and environmental constraints. Scientific discoveries and technological progress open up new opportunities for the application of engineering thinking in the context of war, in particular through the development of new materials, communi-cation systems, weapons and control technologies. Applying engineering thinking as a problem-solving tool allows you to create a positive impact on society while minimizing negative consequences. In addition, engineers can contribute to the development of technologies for intercultural communication, the promotion of dia-logue and understanding between diverse groups, and the development of techno-logies to provide access to education and information that can help reduce tension and conflict. Therefore, through their technological achievements and engineering thinking, creative engineers can actively contribute to the development of the philosophy of peace and contribute to ensuring stability and harmony in the world.
Keywords: engineering thinking, intentionality, military challenges, ethics in the development of military technologies, globalization and impact on society, innovations in the military sphere, post-conflict recovery, social and environmental responsibility, technological progress and peaceful use, ethical aspects of military technologies
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author: Pavlo Bohdan
Urgency of the research. The article actualizes the question of the ideal as a guide for humanity, integrity of truth, goodness and beauty. The concept of the ideal contains components: constructing a projection in consciousness, representing a social system of coordinates, the second - the imperative to be sensually expressed. In the historical present we see a variety of views on the development of sensual practice. Multiple searches in this activity are related to the deepening of privacy of life. The ideal as a unifying form becomes an obstacle in the coexistence of diversities, destroys the conventionalism of opposing thoughts. But the ideal - consolidation of single meanings, is impossible with these economic discrepancies. The constant theoretical crisis forces researchers to turn to the ideal, sensual activity of the individual and society.
The research objective. We consider the problematic aspect in the formulation of the question of the ideal to be an attempt to imagine it as a totality, as an arbitrary transfer of subjective experience to the multidimensionality of the world. Its essence is understood through the prism of personal professional activity. We want to draw attention to the construct of the ideal, as a subjective reproduction of the objectively formed in the historical contexts of culture social pattern, which manifests itself in sensual and theoretical forms, remains integral and general. Existing forms of cultural universals in the substitution of the ideal are inseparably linked with the everyday norms of human existence.
The task of the article is to address the progressive and regressive forms of manifestation of the social ideal. We consider it necessary to formulate the task of reactualization of the constituting foundations of the ideal. This is possible in the way of understanding the artistic periods in terms of revealing the tendency to overcome the alienation from the individual of the sensual forms of the social ideal.
The statement of basic materials. The historically determined, objectively existing ideal does not depend on the existence, views of a particular individual. It is also not a totality of samples of professional (partial) practice. The ideal is universal, indirectly reasonable awareness of the monistic nature of existence. The sensual form of the ideal is considered by us from the point of view of the universal. The social ideal enables us to see the progressive and regressive tendencies in the development of practice. The criterion of progressiveness is the maximum liberation of the creative forces of the individual.
Conclusions: only the economic basis can be the beginning of social norms, aesthetic representations, truth of knowledge and ideas. The ideal is the relation of the individual to the inevitability of the result of development. When the negation does not remove, does not preserve, but simply cancels the previous forms of achieving the ideal, then there is instability of ideas about separate spheres of activity. Therefore, we believe that historically accurate, transforming reality is the understanding of the role of affirming negation in art in relation to the complex course of history and the solution of the problem of goalsetting in the activity of each of us.
Key words: social ideal, integrity, sensual expression, representation, negation of negation, universality, judgment, form, activity.
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author: Mykola Lipin
Urgency of the research. The modern education system, which was founded in the Modern era, contains a contradiction between the proclaimed ideals of human emancipation and the actual practice of enslavement. This contradiction is represented in the form of freedom and enslavement, creativity and adaptation, personal principle and instrumental depersonalization as defining principles of the constitution of educational space. Currently, the search for a way out of the crisis state of all levels of education requires an understanding of the shortcomings and advantages of the pedagogical project of Enlightenment.
Target setting. Modern studies of critical pedagogy consider the existing education system as repressive and enslaving people. However, the existing education system is the result of the pedagogical project of the Enlightenment, which was inspired by the ideas of comprehensive human emancipation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons and ways of transforming the spirit of Enlightenment into the spirit of enslavement.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study is based on the works of I. Kant, H. Hegel, P. Freire, W. Wozniak, G. Bist, T. Adorno, D. Dewey, J. Rancière, M. Foucault, G. Arendt, M. Heidegger, S. Kierkegaard.
The research objective. The article attempts to trace the logic of the development of education as liberation in the context of the pedagogical project of the Enlightenment and to identify the reasons for its transformation into a repressive instance of enslavement.
The statement of basic material. One of the fundamental ideas of the Enlightenment was the idea of freedom. The Enlightenment laid the foundations for the Western education system and ideas about freedom. The Enlightenment connects the idea of freedom and the development of the human personality with the effectiveness of one's ideals. Thus, it can be argued that the Enlightenment is both a historical period and a process of liberation (“exit”) of man through the formation of the ability and conditions to use his reason.
Conclusions. A teacher who accepts the risk of education as a practice of freedom realizes that it’s not he who really educates and teaches, but the depth of that cultural content, to the objectification of which he managed to attract students. In this case, education is always a process of finding freedom in order to interact with the subjective dimension of culture.
Key words: education, upbringing, freedom, emancipation, Enlightenment, knowledge, intelligent thinking, man
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