authors: Roman Bogachev, Hanna Kostromina, Tamara Rudenko
Urgency of the research. Creative activity is always aimed at creating new material and spiritual values. Values that are created in the process of artistic creation are eternal. Artistic creativity reflects the freedom of the human spirit in its truth and beauty. This is a unique, unique activity that complements the heritage of the past, brings new things and enriches the general culture of mankind. In artistic creativity, self-expression and self-realization of the individual takes place, its spiritual meaning is revealed. Artistic creativity expands the worldview, works of art contribute to the knowledge and development of reality, the formation of aesthetic values, and values are necessary for the harmonious development of the personality.
Target setting. The problem of artistic creativity has always been in the center of attention of philosophers, artists, representatives of aesthetic thought. The development of artistic creativity has a long history, so the theoretical justification and understanding of the main aesthetic categories took place through the evolution of the artistic process. Many scientific works are devoted to the study of artistic creativity, but some of the considered concepts need revision and clarification.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Creativity is explored in the works of D. Alfimov, I. Voloshchuk, B. Novikov, V. Molyaka, V. Shinkaruk and other scientists. Creative abilities, creative imagination, creative thinking, features of artistic mastering of reality are considered in the works of N. Asharenkova, N. Barvina, O. Bosenko, I. Volkova, A. Kanarsky, S. Kramska, L. Levchuk, V. Molyaka, S. Sadovenko, M. Popovycha, etc. The artistic value of art is considered in the works of D. Kucheryuk, V. Panchenko, and O. Onishchenko. The psychology of creativity and the peculiarities of artistic activity were studied by both domestic and foreign scientists: I. Bech, N. Gavrish, G. Kostyuk, S. Maksimenko, D. Nikolenko, V. Romenets, T. Ribault, K. Taylor. This research needed to turn to the works of philosophers of the past Plato, Aristotle, F. Bacon, J.-Zh. Rousseau, I. Kant, F. Schelling, F. Schiller, G. Hegel, Western European scientists of the 19th and 20th centuries: A. Bergson, A. Schopenhauer, K. Jung, E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, G. Spencer and works Ukrainian researchers V. Andrushchenko, L. Guberskyi, A. Kanarskyi, M. Mikhalchenko, M. Popovych.
The research objective. The purpose of the research is to consider the historical development of artistic creativity and to determine its features, mechanisms of its functioning, the interaction of the material and the spiritual at various stages of its formation. For this, it is necessary to consider the philosophical and aesthetic thought of the past: to analyze the philosophical searches of the thinkers of antiquity, the aesthetic views of the philosophers of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the New Age, the concepts of German classical philosophy, non-classical philosophy - irrational approaches to artistic creativity and the modern understanding of aesthetic views, the essence of aesthetic feelings. It is also necessary to consider how artistic creativity is interconnected with the spiritual life of society and the individual.
The statement of basic materials. At the early stages of human development, artistic forms that are an integral part of culture already appear. The reflection in myth-making of various types of human activity revealed the nature of relations between people, emphasized their creative beginning. Antiquity defined the problems of artistic creativity. Pythagoras develops the doctrine of eurythmy - consonance in poetry and music and defines the human ability to join the harmony and rhythms of the cosmos. Socrates emphasized the artist's ability to convey the states of the human soul, believed that art, in particular, sculpture conveys the similarity of the images of living people. Plato's world of ideas is the philosopher's attempt to connect the nature of artistic forms with the world of human existence. The term artistic creativity begins to be used in the Middle Ages. In Western Europe, the attention of artistic creativity to the real world is gradually increasing. The aesthetic consciousness of the Middle Ages did not exclude any self-expression, if it comes from the soul. It was believed that it does not violate religious tenets. Therefore, this view was characteristic of many artists, sculptors, architects of this era. The artistic imagination of the Renaissance combined things that do not combine: on the one hand, the sensual is exalted, and on the other, the spiritual is embodied; the human is deified and the divine descends to the human level. Belief in the limitless possibilities of man. This era rethought the culture of antiquity and the Middle Ages, accumulated rich artistic material and embodied its criteria of beauty and perfection, which created the prerequisites for distinguishing the principles of pleasure and moral benefit, sensuality and reason, and determined the movement of aesthetic thought of the New Age. Sincere belief in the limitless possibilities of the mind, the strength of the person himself is inherent in the consciousness of the New Age. The 17th-18th centuries are a time of coexistence of opposite ideas about the nature of man, art and the world. This age is characterized by a theoretical understanding of art, new concepts and categories are formed. The aesthetic views of representatives of German classical philosophy are represented by the theoretical concepts of I. Kant, H. Hegel, F. Schiller, and F. Schelling. Art in I. Kant is the sphere of a disinterested, useless spirit, “expediency without a goal”. F. Schelling emphasizes that an artist's work is always unique. Artistic creativity in H. Hegel is considered as an interaction of the material and the spiritual, and their relationship leads to the predominance of the spiritual - to the maximum development of reflection. Artistic creativity in non-classical philosophy is multifaceted and diverse. Freedom from voluntary dependence, according to A. Schopenhauer, allows a person not only to learn about the world, but also relieves him of suffering. Art becomes the reward of the genius for his loneliness and suffering. Their overcoming takes place in artistic creativity thanks to the desired freedom realized by the artist. The idea of convergence of art and play appears in the center of the philosophy of positivism, in particular in O. Comte, H. Spencer. In the 20th century, the ideas of intuitionism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, hermeneutics, and analytical psychology spread. K. Jung develops a typology of the creative process, emphasizes the independence and autonomy of the artist in the cultural environment. A. Bergson emphasizes intuition as the main driving force of artistic creativity. K. Levi Strauss, M. Foucault, and R. Jacobson declare the text to be the main object of research, and culture, art, language, science, religion, and mythology appear as the text. The artistic creativity of each era is presented in various forms. The aesthetic consciousness of each historical period was formed under the influence of creative practices of all types of art. In his work, each artist clearly reveals his preferences, worldview. As N. Barvina notes, there is a useless attitude of the artist to the object of knowledge, “creative perception of the world and its transformation according to the laws of beauty” [1, p. 44]. V. Molyako emphasizes that the appointment of a talented individual is determined by the “level of consciousness, the sphere of spiritual and material needs”, creativity is influenced by her “system of value orientations” [8]. Perceiving works of art, a person develops mental processes in himself, which are manifested in the artistic act of co-creation. S. Shandruk emphasizes that creativity is “the highest form of activity of the individual's consciousness, which enables the creation of qualitatively new, original, unique, cultural, socially significant material and spiritual values” [10, p. 89]. The development of artistic creativity takes place in the general flow of history, creative activity is interconnected with the spiritual life of society and the individual. Personality realizes his plan, embodies dreams in works of art. A creative personality directly participates in the formation of the spiritual culture of society, it studies the past and is able to project the future.
Conclusions. For the first time, the understanding of creativity was laid by Plato, in the days of antiquity, the concept of an ordered cosmos arose, harmony, beauty, and imitation of nature were established. Creativity in Christian theology appears as the idea of divine creation of the world. Artistic creativity attracts the attention of philosophers of the Renaissance and the New Age, representatives of German classical philosophy and irrational philosophical trends turn to it. The theoretical formulation of the problem of artistic creativity in aesthetic science dates back to the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Modern philosophical discourse is also interested in the problems of artistic creativity. Artistic creativity is a reflection of an individual gifted personality, its values, which are transmitted to a person, are broadcast to the next generation in the form of artistic and figurative language of art. Artistic creativity enriches the spiritual world of both an individual and the spiritual culture of humanity.
Key words: artistic creativity, aesthetic views, art, artistic perception, creative imagination, artistic work, artistic value of art, creative activity, spiritual culture, society, personality
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