author: Oleksandr Gloza
Urgency of the research. The relevance of the research topic is driven by the growing role of leaders in modern society, especially in the context of rapid changes and globalization processes. Leadership is a key factor in effective management, decision-making process, and motivation, which makes its study essential for various fields—from business to public administration. At the same time, a wide range of approaches to defining the nature of leadership necessitates their systematization and conceptualization. The methodological framework for studying this phenomenon continues to evolve, integrating interdisciplinary approaches and innovative research methods. Since leadership is a dynamic phenomenon that adapts to socio-cultural contexts, its theoretical understanding is crucial for developing effective models of leadership behavior.
Target setting. In the current conditions of growing uncertainty, Ukrainian society needs leaders who are not only capable of taking responsibility but also of anticipating the future, critically assessing the situation, finding creative solutions, building partnerships, and achieving high results in teamwork. The modernization of education, the military, and the country's economy requires new approaches to leadership and reshapes the understanding of essential leadership qualities. In this context, the philosophical comprehension of leadership becomes particularly significant.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In foreign philosophy, the phenomenon of leadership has been studied and continues to be developed by B. Avolio and B. Bass, J. Antonakis and D. Ubank, C. Argyris, R. Blake and J. Mouton, J. Gardner, R. Greenleaf, B. George, D. McGregor, J. Schuller, F. Fiedler, S. Friedman, and others. Various aspects of leadership issues have also been reflected in the research of domestic scholars, such as I. Hryshchenko, V. Hoshovska and S. Holovashchenko, M. Lohunova and others.
The research objective. The study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the leadership phenomenon, its key concepts, and evolution in scientific thought, as well as the systematization of existing approaches to defining leadership, its core characteristics, and its role in management processes.
The statement of basic materials. Leadership is a multidimensional phenomenon that combines personal qualities, social interactions, and managerial approaches. Existing leadership theories can be systematized into classical, behavioral, situational, and modern approaches, including transformational and ethical leadership. An important aspect is the philosophical comprehension of leadership as both a personal practice and a scientific discipline with its own methodological principles. A leader not only shapes a vision and guides followers but also plays a key role in decision-making process and organizational development. Effective leadership is based on cognitive approaches, strategic thinking, and flexible adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
Conclusions. Leadership is a complex multidimensional phenomenon that integrates personal qualities, social interactions, and managerial approaches. Its effectiveness depends on the leader’s ability to adapt, engage in strategic thinking, and consider the social context.
Keywords: leadership, leadership theories, philosophy of leadership, leadership competencies.
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