authors: Bohdan Rokhman, Oleh Savchuk, Svitlana Bilous, Maria Novosad
Urgency of the research is determined by the dynamic transformations of educational and scientific discourses as well as the necessity of reconsidering of the phenomen of freedom as the fundamental essence of the formation of society.
Target setting. Polyvariability of challenges of modern civilization needs to involve category of moral choice, free realization of which is inseparably connected with the necessity of reconsidering of the phenomenon of freedom.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In the literature, the problem of freedom was considered by many authors, in particular such as: M. Berdyaev, I. Berlin, V. Malakhov, V. Movchan, E. Fromm, F. Schelling, A. Schopenhauer. The development of the concept of freedom in education in the perspective of social transformations is carried out by M. Kaminska, and the conceptualization of the understanding of freedom through the prism of globalization by Ja. Gоreсka.
The research objective. To achieve the objectives effectively the authors set the following tasks: to characterize the optimal correlation between freedom and morals in the life of an individual and society; to determine differences between consciousness of necessity and conscious necessity; to differentiate the concepts of situational moral choice and strategic one.
The statement of basic materials. The authors define morals as a special mechanism of human relations regulation which functions under the condition of possibility of moral self-determination of a personality. They emphasize that a person is surrounded by a variety of necessities: he is governed by physical and social laws of a given society where he lives, its norms and rules, behavior stereotypes, traditions and rituals, economic necessity also shall to be taken into account. Demarcation of the subject fields of understanding of the category of moral choice as a way of realizing moral freedom determined by a set of factors of objective and subjective nature is being made in this investigation. Objective circumstances set certain external parameters for individual opportunities, making it difficult or easy for the process of personal self-realization. Strategic choice concerns first of all self-choice, i.e. the creation of one’s self by a person. It is emphasized in the article that the fatalistic opinion on this issue considers the choice to be a fiction, because it is conditioned by objective circumstances, and the decision is made under the pressure of objective necessity. The specificity of the ethical aspect of freedom lies in the fact that a person does not deal with the direct reflection of objective necessity in the phenomena and processes of nature and society, but with the norms that regulate his behavior.
Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the authors reasonably generalize that the effectiveness of responses to the existing civilizational challenges, which are especially specified in the educational and cultural spheres, directly depends on the adequate perception of the phenomenon of freedom as a fundamental element of the life of society.
Key words: freedom, moral choice, axiological discourse, choice, responsibility, history of philosophy, cognition, research methodology
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