Select your language
Select your language
authors: H. Kostromina, T. Svidlo, L. Shkolyar
Urgency of the research. The development of the intellectual and creative potential of a man, upbringing of the generation that would create new material and spiritual values should be a priority for modern social development. Creativity is considered as a means of human self-realization, achieving harmony by him/her. It is the development of creative abilities that allows a person to feel happy and useful to society. Thanks to creativity, a person forms a new social reality, and the development of his creative abilities expands his self-realization in society. Understanding the creative potential gives an opportunity to identify the ways to improve a person's creative abilities, to form a personality that can withstand negative social challenges.
Target setting. The issue of creative personality formation, the development his/her personal abilities is one of the pressing issues of modern scientific research.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The works of F. Barron, J. Guilford, C. Pickover, P. Torrance, D. Feldman and others are dedicated to the study of the creativity phenomenon. Structural elements of the creative process, psychology of creativity were studied by D. Bogoyavlenskaya, L. Vy-gotskii, I. Voloshchuk, P. Engelmayer, O. Leontiev, G. Markelov, V. Romenets, A. Shumilin. The sphere of the unconscious, its role in the creative process was studied by A. Bergson.
Creativity is also studied by domestic scientists: S. Averintsev, V. Andrieiev, M. Bakhtin, V. Molyako, B. Novikov, and others.
Creativity as an important need for self-realization of a human is presented in the publications of foreign and domestic researchers: A. Maslow, C. Rogers, M. Kozlov and others. Modern scientists V. Andrushchenko, B. Novikov, V. Tabachkovsky dedicated their studies to the influence of the socio-cultural environment on human development.
The research objective. The purpose of the scientific research is to determine the main mechanisms for the development of the creative potential of a person.
The statement of basic materials. The difficulty of studying the phenomenon is that there is no single definition of creativity. Therefore, this is the reason for the need to substantiate the creativity characteristics and determine the main personal abilities that motivate creativity. Creativity is a means of self-realization of an individual, the characteristic essence of human existence. It is creativity that an individual realizes his inner potential in. The realization of the creative potential of individuals becomes a measure and criterion for assessing the development of the socio-cultural environment. As a means of knowing the world, creativity reveals the great potential of the human spirit, and the realization of the creative potential of a man provides the creation of new things in ideal forms and socio-practical activities. Creative activity is one of the main factors in developing human essence. The process of creative activity, the results of activity, the personality of the creator as well as the environment and conditions in which creativity is carried out can be determined in the structure of creative activity. The ability to be creative is unique to a man because a man creates a new product that did not exist before. Creativity as a complex mental activity of a man is characterized by its psychological features. Creativity begins with setting tasks to be solved within the process of activity, then there is the search for a solution. But creativity becomes full-fledged only when a person turns new ideas into a social product that becomes accessible to understanding and perception by others. Creativity is associated with the structural and functional renewal of activity, its transformation into a more perfect activity which is expressed in the newly created material and spiritual values. The self-realization of a creative personality occurs through the disclosure of the inherent creative potential which is determined by talent, creativity, willingness to carry out various forms of activity and its productivity determination.
Conclusions: 1) it is determined that creativity is a holistic quality of a person that reveals his/her personal abilities, attitude to himself/herself and the world; 2) the basic mechanisms of development of the creative potential of a person are defined; 3) the structural elements and the role of the unconscious in the creative process are considered; 4) the influence of socio-cultural environment on the formation of creative personality is considered; 5) the obtained results of the research can become a basis for further study of an issue of creative potential development of a person and realization of his/her creative abilities in various spheres of social life.
Key words: creativity, creative potential of a person, creative process, creative activity, creative abilities, creative activity, self-realization, socio-cultural environment, society, spiritual values.
References:
1. Aristotel 2006. Metafizika (Metaphysics). Moskva.: Izd-vo Eksmo, 608 s.
2. Bergson, A 1994. Dva istochnika morali i religii (Two sources of morality and religion), Moskva: Kanon, 384 s.
3. Bogoyavlenskaya, DB 1983. Intellektualnaya aktivnost kak problema tvorchestva (Intellectual activity as a problem of creativity), Rostov-na-Donu: RGU, 176 s.
4. Voloshuk, IS 1998. Naukovo-pedagogichni osnovi formuvannya tvorchoyi osobistosti (Scientific and pedagogical bases of the formation of creative specialties), Kiyiv: Ped. dumka, 160 s.
5. Vygotskij, LS 1976. Voobrazhenie i tvorchestvo v shkolnom vozraste (Imagination and creativity at school age), Moskva: Izd-vo APN RSFSR, 519 s.
6. Rubinshtejn, SL 2007. Osnovy obshej psihologii (Fundamentals of General Psychology), SPb.: Piter, 713 s.
7. Florenskij, PA 1993. Analiz prostranstvennosti i vremeni v hudozhestvenno-izobrazitelnyh proizvedeniyah (Analysis of spatiality and time in works of art), Moskva: Progress, 324 s.
8. Shumilin, AT 1989. Problemy teorii tvorchestva (Problems of the theory of creativity). Monografiya, Moskva: Vysshaya shkola, 143 s.
9. Guilford, JP 1967. ‘Creativity: yesterday, today, tomorrow’, Journal of Creative Behavior, Vol. р. 3-14.
10. Torrance, EP 1988. ‘The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing’, R. Stemberg & T. Tardif (eds). The nature of creativity, р. 43-75.
authors: Nataliia Naumenko, Olena Horobchuk, Andrіі Kozlov
Urgency of the research. The reform of higher education, the emergence of a large number of educational services on the labor market, the reorientation of teaching practice require qualitative changes in the training of physical culture and sports, which should combine physical education and coaching and teaching activities.
Target setting. Implementation of tasks of professional training of specialists in physical culture and sports, who must have a system of sports knowledge, methods, and techniques for their application in the process of educating a healthy nation, reviving health and physical development, restoring national traditions and values, forming a healthy lifestyle, determines the search for innovative learning technologies that are based on a person-centered and activity-based approach to learning.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Modern pedagogical technologies have been the subject of study by many scholars, including Yu. Babansky, V. Bespalko, B. Blum, J. Halperin, M. Klarin, N. Talizina, and others. The research of I. Zyazyun, N. Navolokova, V. Palamarchuk, V. Strzelnikov, and others was dedicated to implementing modern educational technologies in the higher education institutions. The conceptual principles of professional training of future specialists were extensively studied in the works of domestic scientists R. Gurevich, A. Ligotsky, L. Homich, J. Tsekhmister. The research on the professional training of future teachers of physical education and sport - in the works of domestic and Russian researchers G. Arzyutov, M. Herzik, O. Deminski, V. Zavatsky, V. Prikhodok, and others. The research shows that modern pedagogical technologies contribute to harmonious development of a teacher's personality.
The research objective. To cover the usefulness of using modern pedagogical technologies on the example of web-quest technology, game technologies, technologies for processing discussion issues in the professional training of specialists of physical education and sport.
The statement of basic material. Teaching the discipline “Pedagogy and pedagogical mastery” is carried out using modern pedagogical technologies. Nowadays conditions with the transition to the distance form of education should be highlighted the web-quest technology which combines game and group activities of students, implementation of creative projects, optimizes time, allows the use of different information sources, thinking, solving, organizing oneself for solving problematic and non-standard tasks.
Conclusions. The use of modern pedagogical technologies in the process of professional training of specialists in physical education and sports has a positive impact on the activation of their professional development.
Key words: educational technology, web-quest technology, game technologies, technologies for processing discussion issues, specialists in physical culture and sports
References:
1. Alfimov, DV 2011. ‘Strukturno-zmistovnij kontent ponyattya tehnologiyi (Structural-content content of technology)’, Naukovij visnik Donbasu, № 3. Dostupno: <http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/nvd_2011_3_2>. [14 Lyutij 2021].
2. Bespalko, VP 1989. Slagaemye pedagogicheskoj tehnologii (The term pedagogical technology), Moskva: Pedagogika. Dostupno: <https://may.alleng.org/d/ped/ped020.htm>. [14 Lyutij 2021].
3. Bodarecka, OM, Melnik, OG & Zhezhuha, VJ 2015. ‘Ponyattya tehnologij motivuvannya personalu pidpriyemstv (The concept of technologies to motivation of personnel of enterprises)’, Ekonomika. Finansi. Pravo, № 11, s. 7-11. Dostupno: <http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ecfipr_2015_11_4>. [16 Lyutij 2021].
4. Bojchuk, ID 2009. ‘Naukovo-teoretichni osnovi profesijnoyi pidgotovki majbutnih fahivciv u koledzhi (Scientific and theoretical foundations of professional training of future specialists in College)’, Pedagogika, psihologiya ta mediko-biologichni problemi fizichnogo vihovannya ta sportu, Harkiv. Dostupno: <https://www.sportpedagogy.org.ua/html/journal/2009-12/09bidfec.pdf>. [14 Lyutij 2021].
5. Zabiyako, YuO 2013. ‘Profesijna pidgotovka fahivciv fizichnoyi kulturi ta sportu (Professional training of specialists of physical culture and sports)’, Fizichne vihovannya, sport i kultura zdorov’ya u suchasnomu suspilstvi, № 2, s. 16–19. Dostupno: <http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Fvs_2013_2_6>. [18 Lyutij 2021].
6. Kalyuzhna, TG 2013. ‘Suchasni vimogi do profesijnoyi pidgotovki majbutnogo vchitelya (Modern requirements for professional training of the future teacher)’, Naukovi zapiski Nizhinskogo derzhavnogo universitetu im. Mikoli Gogolya, № 4, s. 32–37. Dostupno: <http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nzspp_2013_4_7>. [18 Lyutij 2021].
7. Klarin, MV 1989. Pedagogicheskaya tehnologiya v uchebnom processe. Analiz zarubezhnogo opyta (Pedagogical technology in the educational process. Analysis of overseas experience), Moskva: Znanie. Dostupno: <https://istina.msu.ru/publications/book/12199002/>. [14 Lyutij 2021].
8. Naumenko, NV & Kozlov, AV 2018. ‘Veb-kvest yak metod aktivnogo navchannya v osvitnomu procesi zakladiv vishoyi osviti (Web quest as a method of active education in the educational process of Higher Education Institutions)’, Distancijna osvita: realiyi ta perspektivi, I Vseukr. nauk.-prakt. konf., Harkiv, 12 grudnya 2018 r. Dostupno: <http://dspace.hnpu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/2040/1/Distancijna%20osvita.%202019%20.pdf>. [20 Lyutij 2021].
9. Romanovskij, OG & Solodovnik, TO 2016. Didaktichni sistemi u vishij shkoli (Didactic systems in Higher School), Harkiv: NTU “HPI”. Dostupno: <http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/bitstream/KhPI-Press/23191/1/Romanovskyi_Dydaktychni_systemy_2016.pdf>. [16 Lyutij 2021].
10. Strelnikov, VYu & Britchenko, IG 2013. Suchasni tehnologiyi navchannya u vishij shkoli (Modern Technologies of Learning in Higher School), Poltava: PUET. Dostupno: <https://ktpu.kpi.ua/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/V.-YU.-Strelnikov-I.-G.-Britchenko.-Suchasni-tehnologiyi-navchannya-u-vishhij-shkoli.pdf>. [16 Lyutij 2021].
author: Iryna Shapovalova
Urgency of the research. In the contemporary social and philosophical space, the discussion around the phenomena of biopolitics and biopower becomes especially relevant given the events taking place in real social and political life. Taking into account that biopolitics and biopower are the result of multifaceted human activity, the most complex and dynamic forms of social and political communications, a set of technological practices and strategies with high innovative potential, it is necessary to analyze their specific features, manifestations and patterns. retrospective of the most important historical events, and in the coordinates of modern social processes. This leads to an expansion of the content of the concepts of "biopolitics" and "biopower", and, as a consequence, leads to the allocation of new areas of their conceptual and ideological understanding, both within specialized discourse and in the interdisciplinary field.
Target setting. Traditionally, biopolitics is defined as a space of power relations, a pool of certain management decisions, power restrictions, regulations. But the real implementation of the concepts of biopolitics and biopower are in the context of the relevant historical and civilizational, social and cultural, political, environmental and technological conditions and challenges. Therefore, it is logical that there is a need to interpret these phenomena in view of their main social and political manifestations at different stages of development of society and under different conditions of functioning of its social institutions.
Actual scientific analysis researches and issues analysis. Among the well-known foreign and domestic scientists who investigated the essence of biopolitics and the evolution of a biopolitical concept, we make an emphasis on the works: M. Foucault [9,10,11,12], A. Negro [6, 13], M. Hard [13], J. Agamben [1], V. Chechko [15], O. Kuz [15], S. Kostyuchkov [5], K. Alasa-nia [2], N. Orleansky [7], A. Zhelnina [3], M. Kharkevich [14], P. Kasatkin [14], F. Zagirtdinova [4] and others.
The research objectives. The main task of the article is to study the content of the author's concepts of biopolitics and biopower, starting with those that have already become classical and those under active development, expanding the semantic range of phenomena of biopolitics and biopower in modern social and philosophical discourse. Implement an attempt to clarify the phenomena of biopolitics and biopower through analysis of the impact of economic models, production processes, labor market, legal practices, moral and ethical factors, development of information, bio / medical technologies, using methods of comparative analysis of conceptual worldviews of different researchers.
The statement of basic materials. The first definition of biopolitics M. Foucault offered in a series of his lectures on "It is necessary to protect society", which he gave to students at the Collège de France in 1975-1976. Under biopolitics, the scientist understood "a set of processes that include the proportion of births and deaths, the level of reproduction, population growth" [11, p. 257]. It should be noted that in M. Foucault's concept, biopolitics is meaningfully connected with biopower. Central to the concept of biopolitics (biopower) is the state, which provides the conditions for the reproduction of the population, supports its livelihoods and pursues policies in the health care system. Further conceptualization of the phenomena of biopolitics and biopower is due to the research efforts of J. Agamben, A. Negri and many other scientists. According to scholars, the power constructs of bourgeois society and capitalist relations of the late eighteenth century. - early XIX century ensured the socialization of the human body as a labor force and an element of the production process. Society's control over man began to be exercised not only through consciousness, ideology, "but also in the body and with the body." The human body has come to be seen as a biopolitical reality, and medicine with its technology as a political strategy. It should be noted that biopolitics (biopower) is a unique and extremely dynamic phenomenon that is undergoing constant transformation, which causes a constant expansion of the semantic range of biopolitics and biopower in modern social and philosophical discourse.
Conclusion. The considered author's concepts of biopolitics and biopower provide an opportunity to understand the historical evolution of power institutions in the XVIII-XIX centuries. (gradual restriction of disciplinary power by the latest biopolitical practices) in the field of management of the biological context of human life, to find out how legal practices, economic modalities of capitalist production and social labor market, achievements of biological (medical) information technologies allow reprogramming and changing human life, as well as to identify new vectors and forms of biopolitical governance in the context of social and political transformations and technological challenges of modern society.
Keywords: biopolitics, biopower, bioethics, biology, person, society, biotechnologies, production.
References:
1. Agamben, Dzh 2011. Homo sacer. Suverennaya vlast i golaya zhizn (Homo sacer. Sovereign Power and Naked Life), Moskva : Izdatelskij dom: Evropa, 114 s. Dostupno: <https://royallib.com/book/dgordgo_agamben/homo_sacer_suverennaya_vlast_i_golaya_gizn.html/> [9 Berezen 2021 ].
2. Alasaniya, KYu 2018. ‘Filosofskaya koncepciya biovlasti: istoki i perspektivy (The philosophical concept of biopower: origins and prospects)’, Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, Ser. 7, Filosofiya, № 4, s. 70-77. Dostupno: <https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/filosofskaya-kontseptsiya-biovlasti-istoki-i-perspektivy/viewer/> [10 Berezen 2021 ].
3. Zhelnin, AI 2019. ‘Biopolitika i biopoliticheskaya ekonomiya: sushnost konceptov (Biopolitics and biopolitical economy: the essence of concepts)’, Vestnik Permskogo universiteta, Vyp. 3, s. 320-327. Dostupno: <https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/biopolitika-i-biopoliticheskaya-ekonomiya-suschnost-kontseptov/viewer /> [25 Berezen 2021].
4. Zagyrtdinova, FB 2012. ‘Bio: vlast, politika, etika (Bio: power, politics, ethics)’, Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, № 13(287), s. 39-43. Dostupno: <https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/bio-vlast-politika-etika/viewer/> [12 Berezen 2021].
5. Kostyuchkov, SK 2017. ‘Biofilosofiya yak teoretichna i praktichna osnova pidvishennya rivnya efektivnosti suchasnoyi sistemi osviti (Biophilosophy as a theoretical and practical basis for improving the efficiency of the modern education system)’, Gileya: naukovij visnik, zb. nauk. prac, gol. red. VM Vashkevich, Kiyiv: “Gileya”, № 117, s. 193-196.
6. Negri, A 2008. ‘Trud mnozhestva i tkan biopolitiki (The work of the multitude and the fabric of biopolitics)’, Sinij divan, № 12, Dostupno: <http://polit.ru/article/2008/12/03/negri/> [24 Lyutij 2021 ].
7. Orleanskij, NN 2016. ‘Genezis ponyati biopolitiki: ot sociobiologizma k poststrukturalizmu (The genesis of the concept of biopolitics: from sociobiologism to poststructuralism)’, Teoriya i metodologiya upravleniya: trendy i upravleniya, Vip. 1(13), S. 39-43. Dostupno: <http://nbpublish.com/library_get_pdf.php?id=36596/> [25 Berezen 2021].
8. Presyado, P 2020. ‘Uroki virusa (Lessons from the Virus)’, Centr politicheskogo analiza. Dostupno: <https://centerforpoliticsanalysis.ru/position/read/id/uroki-virusa/> [25 Berezen 2021].
9. Fuko, M 1996. ‘Volya k istine: po tu storonu znaniya, vlasti i seksualnosti (The Will to Truth: Beyond Knowledge, Power and Sexuality)’, v kn. Raboty raznyh let, Per. s franc. S.Tabachnikovoj, Moskva: Kastal, 448 s.
10. Fuko, M 2002. ‘Intellektualy i vlast. (Izbrannye politicheskie stati, vystupleniya i intervyu) (Intellectuals and Power. (Selected political articles, speeches and interviews))’, Per. s franc. SCh Ofertasa, pod obsh. red. VP Vizgina & BM Skuratova, Moskva: Praksis, 384 s. Dostupno: <https://royallib.com/book/fuko_mishel/intellektuali_i_vlast_izbrannie_politicheskie_stati_vistupleniya_i_intervyu.html/> [27 Lyutij 2021].
11. Fuko, M 2005. 'Nuzhno zashishat obshestv (Societies must be protected)’, Per. s franc. O. Samarova, Moskva: Nauka, 312 s. Dostupno: <https://royallib.com/book/fuko_mishel/nugno_zashchishchat_obshchestvo.html/> [27 Lyutij 2021].
12. Fuko, M 2010. Rozhdenie biopolitiki. Kurs lekcij, prochitannyh v kollezh de Frans v 1978-1979 uchebnom godu (The Birth of Biopolitics. A course of lectures given at the College de France in the 1978-1979 academic year), Per. s franc. AV Dyakova, SPb.: Nauka, 448 s. Dostupno: <http: //royallib.com/book/fuko_mishel/rogdenie_biopolitiki.html/> [27 Lyutij 2021].
13. Hard, M & Negri A 2004. Imperiya (Empire), per. s angl, GV Kamenskij, MS Fetisova, Moskva: Praksis, 440 s.
14. Harkevich, MV & Kasatkin, PI 2011. ‘Biopolitika i religiya v epohu postmoderna (Biopolitics and Religion in the Postmodern Era)’, Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta, filosofiya, № 6, s. 217-222. Dostupno: <https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/biopolitika-i-religiya-v-epohu-postmoderna/viewer/> [22 Lyutij 2021].
15. Cheshko, VF & Guz, OM 2016. ‘Biovlada i biopolitika: antropologichnij ta sociopolitichnij vimir tehnogumanitarnogo balansu (Biopower and biopolitics: anthropological and sociopolitical dimension of techno-humanitarian balance)’, Gileya : naukovij visnik : Zb. nauk. prac, gol. red. VM Vashkevich, Kiyiv, Vip. 107, s. 267-271.
16. Ellanskij, YuG & Priz, EV 2011. ‘Osnovy vzaimosvyazi bioetiki i biopolitiki (The basics of the relationship between bioethics and biopolitics)’, Izvestiya VUZov, Severo-Kavkazskij region, Estestvennye nauki, № 4 (164), s. 125-127. Dostupno: <https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osnovy-vzaimosvyazi-bioetiki-i-biopolitiki/> [24 Lyutij 2021].
authors: Alla Kravchenko, Andrii Morozov
Urgency of the research. The danger of restricting the freedom of the individual is a threat to humanity, the prevention of which requires constant spiritual work on moral self-improvement.
Target setting. Totalitarianism at its core presupposes a situation of totality - the domination of the universal and the general over the singular and the special. But when does this totality of grand narratives transform into totalitarianism?
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The literature on totalitarianism should be divided into three blocks. First, they are apologists for totalitarian thinking: Plato, G. F. Hegel, K. Marx, F. Nietzsche, T. Carlaile, H. Chamberlain. Secondly, these are the thinkers who laid the fundamental foundations for the study of the phenomenon of totalitarianism - H. Arendt, K. Popper, E. Fromm, T. Ador-no, Z. Bauman and others. Third, these are scientists who raise the question of the totalitarian potential of Western culture: H. Ortega, M. Berdyaev, Y. Habermas, P. Gaidenko, E. Sarkisyants.
The research objectives. The aim of the article is to comprehend the instrumental rationality in order to reveal the totalitarian and nihilistic potential in it.
The statement of basic material. The article analyzes the phenomenon of instrumental rationality, which underlies the processes of dehumanization, anonymity, irresponsibility, conformism. It is noted that Enlightenment nihilism as a distorted understanding of freedom, denying the cordocentric spiritual tradition, leads to the disintegration of the substantive unity of reason, giving rise to the relativization of morality and the aestheticization of evil. The positivist program, which deals with value-neutral scientific "facts", takes its meaning and supreme values beyond the logical structure of the world. Purified from morality, the "Euclidean mind" becomes a soulless and heartless technique of selection and calculation of optimal means to solve goals "beyond good and evil", and "engineering" approach to the study of nature and society in combination with the subject-object oriented "strategic action" and "technical thinking" creates the preconditions for the emergence of a specific situation of Totality, in which everything individual and individual is impossible.
Conclusions. The antihumanist potential of the values of instrumental ("technical", "economic") rationality can be "removed" or at least compensated in the space of dialogic subject-subject "communicative action" (Yu. Habermas), in which on the basis of equality and tolerance to Other, all participants in the discourse will be given the right to vote and the opportunity to be heard.
Key words: nihilism, liberty, responsibility, instrumental rationality, Holocaust, totalitarianism.
References:
1. Adorno, T 2003. Negativnaya dialektika (Negative dialectic), per. na russk. EL Petrenko, Moskva. Dostupno: <https://gtmarket.ru/library/basis/5512>. [23 Berezen 2021].
2. Arendt, H 2005. Dzherela totalitarizmu (Sources of totalitarianism), per. z angl. V. Verloki, Dm Gorchakova, Kiyiv, Duh i Litera, 584 s.
3. Arendt, H 2013. Banalnist zla. Sud nad Ajhmanom v Yerusalimi (The banality of evil. The trial of Eichmann in Jerusalem), per. z angl. A Kotenka, Kiyiv, Duh i Litera, 367 s.
4. Bauman, Z 2010. Aktualnost Holokosta (Relevance of the Holocaust), Moskva: Evropa, 316 s.
5. Berdyaev, N 1933. ‘Chelovek i mashina. Problemy sociologii i metafiziki tehniki (Man and machine. Problems of sociology and metaphysics of technology)’, Put, № 38, s. 3–37.
6. Vitgenshtejn, L 1995. Tractatus logico-filosoficus. Filosofski doslidzhennya (Tractatus logico-filosoficus. Philosophical research), Kiyiv: Osnovi, 145 s.
7. Gajdenko, PP 2003. Nauchnaya racionalnost i filosofskij razum (Scientific rationality and philosophical reason), Moskva: Progress-Tradiciya, 528 s.
8. Golovin, E 2002. ‘Radi triumfa lozhnogo ideala roz (For the sake of the triumph of the false ideal of roses)’, Volshebnaya gora. Almanah, Vyp. 8, s. 24–26.
9. Gusejnov, A 2000. ‘Etika dobroj voli (Ethics of Goodwill)’, v kn. Kant I. Lekcii po etike, Moskva: Izd-vo MGU, s. 5–36.
10. Dostoevskij, FM 1982. Besy (Demons), Moskva: Pravda, Biblioteka Ogonek, sobr. soch.v 12 t., T. 9.
11. Levinas, E 2000. Izbrannoe: totalnost i beskonechnoe (Favorites: Totality and Infinite), SPb: Universitetskaya kniga, 416 s.
12. Losev, AF 1993. Ocherki antichnogo simvolizma i mifologii (Essays on ancient symbolism and mythology), Moskva: Mysl, 650 s.
13. Popper, K 1994. Vidkrite suspilstvo ta jogo vorogi (View the Suspension of That Yogo Victory), per. z angl. O. Kovalenko & K. Popper, Kiyiv: Osnovi, 444 s.
14. Radzinskij, E 2015. Beregites, bogi zhazhdut (Beware, the gods are thirsty), Moskva: AST, 315 s.
15. Sarkisyanc, Manuel 2003. Anglijskie korni nemeckogo fashizma: ot britanskoj k avstro-bavarskoj “rase gospod” (The English Roots of German Fascism: From the British to the Austro-Bavarian “Master Race”), per. s nem, Manuel Sarkisyanc, SPb.: Akademicheskij proekt, 600 s.
16. Tillih, P 1995. ‘Muzhestvo byt (Courage to be)’, v kn. Izbrannoe, Moskva: Yurist, s. 7-131.
17. Fromm, E 2019. Vtecha vid svobodi (Escape from freedom), Kiyiv: Knizhkovij klub “Klub simejnogo dozvillya”, 288 s.
18. Habermas, Yu 2000. Moralnoe soznanie i kommunikativnoe dejstvie (Moral awareness and communicative action), SPb: Universitetskaya kniga, 410 s.