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author: Nataliia Shchur
Urgency of the research is substantiated by the necessity for providing HEIs’ students with the opportunity to master foreign languages at least at level B2.
Target setting. Finding effective ways of overcoming language barriers to communication in a foreign language will increase the efficiency of communicative activities and contribute to performing the relevant communicative tasks.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In general, the problem of language barriers has been studied by many scientists. However, there is very little in-depth research on overcoming language barriers in the course of learning foreign languages. The most relevant investigations for our study are the works of O. Vysotska, A. Massonov, N. Sopilko and N. Yakovleva. Nevertheless, there are two issues that have not been adequately covered. Firstly, it is the peculiarities of language barriers arising in real life communication at the stage of developing professional foreign language competence (PFLC). Secondly, it is the use of one-to-one teaching methods to eliminate the barriers mentioned above.
The research objective. To clarify both the contributing factors of arising and the conditions for overcoming language barriers to communication in a foreign language at the stage of PFLC development and to substantiate the use of language coaching as one of the strategies for one-to-one teaching in the course of eliminating language barriers.
The statement of basic materials. The article clarifies the concept of language barriers arising in the course of PFLC development, identifies both the types and factors of their arising and the strategy and conditions for overcoming them. The study also focuses on using language coaching as one of the strategies for one-to-one teaching in HEIs whilst eliminating language barriers.
Conclusions: 1) language barriers in the course of PFLC development are defined as internal obstacles of psychological nature to the effective communication in a foreign language, caused due to the interaction of motivational, operational, cognitive and socio-psychological factors; 2) language barriers arise only under the unfavorable conditions of personality development; 3) the most effective strategy for overcoming language barriers in the course of learning foreign languages is a developmental one, which can be successfully implemented under the following conditions: bridging the gaps in language knowledge and skills; applying the methods of individualized instruction to teaching foreign languages; implementing the appropriate methods of psycho-correction to relieve anxiety and build up healthy self-esteem; 4) one of the best ways to implement the above-mentioned conditions is the use of language coaching as one of the methods for one-to-one teaching.
Key words: language barriers, the types of language barriers, the factors causing language barriers, psychological and pedagogical conditions for overcoming language barriers, development of foreign language professional competence, learning foreign languages.
References:
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authors: Boris Novikov, Tamara Rudenko, Hanna Kostromina
Urgency of the research. The development of a problem of creative thinking is due to the need to intensify the creative activity of the individual in modern conditions, which is associated with the scientific and technological development of society and social needs. Insufficient study of mechanisms of formation and development of creative thinking is an obstacle to the development and introduction of innovative education technologies in university education. However, the significance of creative thinking of personality will continue to grow, as it is the creativity, as a spiritual-social phenomenon is one of the main factors in the development of society. Every person has the ability to cognition and creativity, and the development of professional creative thinking of students must be developed at the university.
Target setting. The priority criteria of a modern specialist are a high intellectual and professional level, ability to solve complex, unpredictable tasks, creativity and creative thinking. Using the methodology of problem-oriented training, positive results can be obtained in the formation and development of professional creative thinking of students. Such a methodology will allow to eliminate the shortcomings that are inherent in many students, for example, to avoid passivity in students in the perception and processing of scientific information, fragmentation of thinking, which does not allow to allocate a significant component of the content of the educational series that is taught. Application within this methodology of active methods of training will enable the productive interaction between students and lecturer, students with each other during the conduct, successfully learn the material of educational disciplines and develop professional creative thinking.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The conducted research prompted to appeal to the works of domestic and foreign scholars devoted to socio-philosophical principles of development of creative thinking, as well as the formation of professional creative thinking of future specialists in the context of modern higher education. The problem of creativity is investigated in scientific works by S. Averintsev, G. Batyshev, M. Berdyaev, M. Kogan, P.Kravchuk, V. Matyushkin, V. Frankl, V. Shinkaruka and others. Important for our study were scientific up comes of Ukrainian scientists: V. Andrushchenko, M. Boychenko, L. Gorbunova, E. Gerasimova and others.
The research objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of problem-oriented learning for the development of creative thinking of students. Within this study, socio-philosophical principles of development of creative thinking are considered; to analyze the impact of developing training on the development of professional creative thinking of students; consider the role of creative thinking in solving complex tasks and solved unpredictable situations; Identify the structure of creative thinking and the role of scientific intuition in a creative process.
The statement of basic materials. An analysis of the essence and development of creative thinking, the determination of the main structural elements of this phenomenon makes it possible to identify effective approaches to the formation and development of professional creative thinking of students. You can define a few approaches to the formation of creative personality thinking. This is a systematic, activity and cultural approaches. Within the system approach, the main components of creative thinking are considered not distinguished, but in interconnection with each other as a holistic system. The definition of creative activity of personality and its personal abilities is the basis of a personal approach. The activity approach is guided by educational and scientific activities in the educational process and is the main condition for the development of professional creative thinking of students. The meaningful basis of the culturological approach is assimilated by values. To the main elements of training that are capable of influencing the formation of creative thinking of students is problematic, that is, in order to increase mental activity it is necessary to include problematic tasks, simulated situations. This approach will contribute to the formation of creative thinking of students, therefore, in our opinion; the methodology of problem-oriented learning is the most successful. Students are given the opportunity to solve complex tasks independently, make decisions and open scientific truths. Making a new material to think, analyze the facts synthesizing new ideas, develop reflexive thinking by self-knowledge, self-observation.
Conclusions. It is determined that creativity involves realizing the person of its personal abilities, which are revealed in the process of creative activity; The influence of developing training on the development of creative thinking of students is analyzed; The leading role of creative thinking in solving complex problems and solved unpredictable situations is substantiated; The structure of creative thinking is considered and the role of scientific intuition in the creative process is determined; The results of the study are obtained which will continue to develop problems of developing creative thinking of students in the context of innovative development of modern higher education.
Key words: creativity, creative thinking, reflection, creative personality potential, creative activity, educational process, problem learning, society, education, professional creative thinking of students.
References:
1. Bepeka, VYe 2008. ‘Ppofesijna kompetentnist majbutnih menedzhepiv osviti: teoretichnij aspect (Profeshional competentnist menedgeriv education: theoretical aspect)’, Molod i rinok, № 7–8 (42–43), s. 43-47.
2. Bistrova, YuV 2015. ‘Innovacijni metodi navchannya u vishij shkoli Ukrayini (Innovative learning methods in the High School of Ukraine)’, Pravo ta innovacijne suspilstvo, № 1 (4), s. 27–33.
3. Voloshuk, IS 1998. Naukovo-pedagogichni osnovi formuvannya tvorchoyi osobistosti (Scientific pedagogical bases of formation of a creative personality), Kiyiv: Pedagogichna dumka, 160 s.
4. Voronkova, VG 2000. Metafizichni vimiri lyudskogo buttya: problema lyudini na zlami tisyacholit (Metaphysical measurements of human being: human problem on a millennium, Zaporizhzhya: Pavel, 176 s.
5. Zakon Ukrayini “Pro vishu osvitu” (Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”) 2014. Dokument № 1556-VII, Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Radi (VVR), № 37-38, st. 2004. Dostupno: <http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1556-18>. [19 kvitnya 2021].
6. Zakon Ukrayini “Pro osvitu” (Law of Ukraine “On Education”) 2017. Dokument № 2145-VIII, Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Radi (VVR), № 38-39, st. 380. Dostupno: <http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19>. [18 kvitnya 2021].
7. Zakon Ukrayini “Pro naukovu ta naukovo-tehnichnu diyalnist” (Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity") 2015. Dokument № 848-VIII, Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Radi (VVR), № 3, st. 25. Dostupno: <http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/848-19>. [04 kvitnya 2021].
8. Markov, SO 2003. ‘Osnovni principi tvorchoyi viperedzhalnoyi vishoyi osviti (Basic principles of creative advanced higher education)’, Naukovij visnik Cherniveckogo universitetu. Pedagogika ta psihologiya, Chernivci: Ruta, №. 185, s. 44-53.
9. Molyako, VO 2006. Zdibnist, tvorchist, obdarovanist: teoriya, metodika, rezultati doslidzhen (Ability, creativity, giftedness: theory, methodology, research results), Zhitomir: Ruta, 320 s.
10. Guilford, JP 1967. ‘Creativity: yesterday, today, tomorrow’, Journal of Creative Behavior, Vol. p. 3-14.
author: Mohamad Awwad
Urgency of the research. We consider crucial to distinguish between the original Boole’s logic and its modern development as Boolean logic in order to understand their theoretical and applied capacities. In addition, the development of Boolean logic constitutes a strong example about the relationships between logic, an algebraic language of thoughts, and computation.
Target setting. Boole’s logic is generally perceived as equivalent to Boolean logic despite their mathematical and conceptual differences. The influences of Boolean logic on computer science are recognized especially in their applications in circuits design. However, it appears that the influence of this logic on Cryptography is less cited in the literature when studying the relationships between logic and computer science.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Studies of cryptographic Boolean functions and applications have been realized by scholars such as T. Cusick, and P. Stanica. Boolean methods in Mathematics are studied by Y. Crama and P. L. Hammer. Some differences between the original Boole’s logic and the modern Boolean logic have been pointed out and promoted by N. J. Wildberger. Boole’s algebra as a mathematical language of thought has been presented in many fundamental handbooks such as those written or edited by D. M. Gabbay, J. Woods, W. Kneale, M. Kneale, and L. Haaparanta.
The research objective. The first objective of this research is to formally explain the theoretical differences between Boole’s logic and the modern Boolean logic. The second objective is to show the immense role of Boolean logic in computer science through the developments of circuits design and cryptography.
The statement of basic material. The developments of an algebraic logical language of thoughts by G. Boole are considered using historical and theoretical perspectives. The technical implementations of Boolean logic in combinational circuits and in modern cryptography show strong influences of a 19th century logic on the latest technologies of computing.
Conclusions. In this research we came to the following results: 1) Boolean logic is different but derived from the original logic of Boole; it has been obtained due to a transformational process that led to a two-valued logic. 2) This two-valued logic made possible its digital implementation into a binary system. 3) The use of Boolean logic in circuits’ analysis and design constitutes a strong example of the influences of logic on computer science. 4) The use of Boolean logic in cryptography constitutes another strong example of the role of logic in modern computation.
Keywords: Logic, Computer Science, Boole’s Algebra of logic, Boolean Logic, Circuit analysis and Design, Cryptography, Error Correcting Code.
References:
1. Cusick, TW & Stanica, P 2017. Cryptographic Boolean functions and applications, Academic Press.
2. Crama, Y & Hammer, PL 2010. Boolean models and methods in mathematics, computer science, and engineering, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 2.
3. Kneale, W & Kneale, M 1962. The development of logic, Oxford University Press.
4. Boole, G 1957. The laws of thought, Dover, New York (original edition 1854).
5. Boole, R 1947. The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, Philosophical library.
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authors: Natalia Kovalchuk, Liudmyla Ovsiankina
Urgency of the research. The national idea has always been an important factor in consolidating and spiritually uniting Ukrainians as a political nation and defining their identity. Today, it is also a key factor in the revival of a new, independent, free Ukraine, which testifies to its formative, constructive and creative mission. In difficult times of history, the very awareness of the national idea helps a person to realize his place and role in shaping the future of his nation. These circumstances determine the relevance of the study of the Ukrainian national idea at the crucial stages of development of Ukrainian society, which is the main factor that sets the basic guidelines for the future historical path of the nation and integrates it around these guidelines, especially in times of crisis.
Target setting. The history of our state confirms that the national idea has never been a permanent, complete phenomenon. The uniqueness and uniqueness of each nation depends on the national idea, which, as an internal engine, moves the country to progressive change, preserving the nation as such. The specificity of the national idea is that it helps a person to realize the meaning of belonging to their country, its long-term goal and the means to achieve it by the joint efforts of the whole nation. That is why the process of complex evolution of the Ukrainian national idea, which is constantly dominated by the idea of preserving ethnic identity in this context, needs serious research. This process began in the days of Kievan Rus and is extremely relevant today to solve many problems of development of the Ukrainian nation.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. S. Krymsky, M. Popovych, L. Gubersky, V. Andrushchenko, M. Mykhalchenko, Yu. Zerniy, F. Medvid, A. Fartushny, Yu. Rymarenko, L. Shklyar, S. Rymarenko, M. Rozumny, M. Stepyko, O. Maiboroda and other domestic researchers analyzed the problem of defending national identity and forming a national idea in their scientific works. They stressed that the Ukrainian national idea determines statehood, identity, independence, sovereignty, catholicity and should contribute to the construction of a truly civil society and the consolidation of modern Ukraine on a democratic basis. Despite the high level of existing theoretical developments, the problem of forming the content of the national idea and its implementation in the context of modern Ukraine remains unresolved.
The research objective. To reveal the role of the national idea in the era of the Ukrainian Baroque as a decisive stage in the formation of the Ukrainian nation. To analyze the main ideas of building the Ukrainian national idea in the context of the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood. To determine the role and significance of the creative work of M. Drahomanov in the development of the Ukrainian national idea, this has a deep connection with the history of the people, its mentality and traditions. Investigate the essence of Ivan Franko's concept of the Ukrainian political nation as a component of the Ukrainian national idea and its role in building an independent Ukraine.
The statement of basic materials. The article analyzes the specifics of the Ukrainian Baroque era, which stimulated the formation of the Ukrainian nation and the Ukrainian national idea, which acted as a unity of "physical sword" and "spiritual sword". The historical mission of Ukrainian civilization at that time, which was closely connected with the Cossacks, who embodied the spirit of freedom, free individuality, protection of the homeland from external and internal enemies, is revealed. It is believed that the Zaporozhian Sich, as a spiritual component of the Cossacks, demonstrated not only the strength and power of the Cossack shablyuk, but also was an example of patriotism, courage, high moral virtues inherent in knights. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the educational activities of the fraternities and, above all, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy as a fortress of spirituality. M. Drahomanov’s powerful contribution to the development of the Ukrainian national idea, which should be deeply connected with the history of the people, its mentality and traditions, has been studied. The significance of the role of the figure of Ivan Franko, who was one of the first in the Ukrainian political thought of the XIX-XX centuries to form the concept of the Ukrainian political nation as the main component of the national idea, is revealed.
Conclusions. The most powerful Ukrainian national idea, which originated in Kievan Rus, manifested itself during the Ukrainian Baroque. The national idea in this day has acquired a double meaning: first, it is the Cossacks, as the main force in the defense of the Ukrainian state; secondly, the spiritual activity of the fraternities and the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. The new stage of development of the Ukrainian national idea is connected with the activity of the Cyril and Methodius Society and the program document of this organization, presented by M. Kostomarov in the "Book of the Existence of the Ukrainian people". M. Drahomanov made a powerful contribution to the development of the Ukrainian national idea, emphasizing the need for a deep connection with the history of the people, their mentality and traditions. In the XIX-XX centuries the figure of Ivan Franko became fundamental in continuing the formation of the concept of the Ukrainian political nation as the main component of the national idea. Nowadays, the formation of the essence and content of the Ukrainian national idea is in a state of search. After all, the process of forming the Ukrainian national idea is a complex and incomplete phenomenon. It is influenced by such factors as: cultural and historical heritage; understanding of historical reality; system of national interests, which change depending on internal and external transformation processes. The development and effective implementation of the national idea depends on the observance of such priority factors as humanism, democratization and orientation to the values of civil society, the social nature of reforms, the priority of national interests over global ones, strengthening the state's authority, economy, etc. The basis of all these processes must remain the unique spirituality, culture and humanity inherent in the Ukrainian nation.
Keywords: national idea, the era of Ukrainian Baroque, identity, independence, freedom, national interests, future state formation.
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