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author: Anna Laputko
Urgency of the research. In the Roman Catholic Church anthropological concept is based on the perception of the sacredness and inviolability of human life. Life is a gift of God, God is its source. The spiritual and bodily integrity of a person who is free and responsible has as its main goal the direction to God. Personality is the basis of Christian personalism, the main criterion of moral evaluations and actions, the object and purpose of human activity. Dignity and the good of the integrated person are the main principle of the Christian anthropological concept and the fundamental criterion of Christian bioethics.
Target setting. The Catholic Church has a clear position on bioethical issues, based on the recognition of the value and dignity of human life and respect for human rights. The bioethical approach of utilitarianism focuses on the public good, to which the individual must submit. The paradigm of utilitarianism solves the problem not in favor of being a person, because it recognizes the primacy of quality of life: moral rules are little taken into account, the emphasis is on maximum benefit, in particular for society as a whole, not for the individual.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The main basic documents on the anthropological concept in the context of bioethics are: the encyclical "Humanae vitae", the "Charter for Health Care Workers", the encyclical "Evangelium vitae". Since these documents require a fairly broad analysis and require a large amount of work, in our article we will focus primarily on the first two of them. To support our conclusions, we will analyze the report of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, which provides in-depth generalizations about the anthropological concept of man in the Roman Catholic Church. The methodological example for our article will be the works of Ukrainian scientists Tetyana Havryliuk, Ivan Ostashchuk and Yuri Chornomorets.
The research objective. The aim of the of the article is to analyze the anthropological concept of man as a integrated personality in the Catholic tradition of bioethics. In accordance with the set aim, separate tasks should be revealed: to analyze some basic documents of the Holy See on the problems of bioethics and to highlight the main features of the Christian concept of anthropology in their application to the evaluation of bioethics.
The statement of basic materials. In modern bioethical research and the practice of their implementation, two opposite directions can be traced: ethical absolutism in Christian philosophy and ethical relativism in utilitarianism and pragmatism. Christian bioethics is based on the anthropological concept of man as integrated personality and social being. The thesis of the dignity of the human person is contained in the biblical concept of the creation of man in the image and likeness of God. The Christian anthropological concept is based on the perception of the individual as an inseparable unity of the physical and the spiritual. Christian moral norms should be seen in the context of the phenomenon of the gift.
Conclusions. The Christian position is based on the transmission and interpretation of the biblical idea of the human person on the basis of God's plan. Man is the only creature called to live for himself; created in the image and likeness of God; the main purpose of its life is to go to God and to call to God's beatitude. Man is an inseparable and unique unity of the physical and the spiritual. It is impossible to give exclusive preference only to the biological or only the mental nature of man as an integrally the sources of moral responsibility; the matter of human growth is based on a combination of sensory and spiritual life. Man, by his actions on the basis of conscience, accepts or does not accept the good that God has promised him.
Keywords: anthropological concept, integrated personality, value, dignity, bioethics, Catholicism.
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author: Daria Morozova
Urgency of the research. Antioch on the Orontes is precisely the city where the dramatic interaction between the Judeo-Christian messianic movement and the polytheistic milieu gave rise to the familiar "Gentile Christianity." The relationship between the Jews of Antioch, the Gentiles, and the Christians influenced the formation of the whole Church, defining the universal character of Christianity. But they also left an imprint on the Antioch school, a unique ethnically Semitic and Greek-speaking center of Christian theology.
Target setting. We still know very little about how the ethnic and cultural Semitic background of Antioch theologians, as well as their proximity to the developed Jewish community of the city, was reflected in their thinking.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Although the Jewish diaspora in Antioch often attracts the attention of Judaic scholars, and the Antiochian School of Christian Theology gave rise to a fairly extensive patrological literature, these different areas of study do not intersect. Several reviews of the School of Antioch focus, among other, on the history of local Jewry, but even so there is little talk of an exchange of views between the two communities. Only a few case studies focus on the echoes between Jewish and Christian exegesis of Scripture in Antioch. Meanwhile, the importance of such a perspective is pointed out by leading historians of the doctrine such as Yaroslav Pelikan.
The research objective. The purpose of this essay is to outline the specifics of the Semitic center of Christian theological thought. This requires several tasks: assessing the role of the native Aramaic language in the works of Antiochian Christians who preached and wrote in Greek; tracing the place of the Jewish community of Antioch in the life and thinking of the local patristic school; summarizing the data of individual studies on the parallelism between Jewish and Christian.
The statement of basic materials. The Jewish community of Antioch was not monolithic. Communities of different currents tended to gather separately. Apparently, some of them, having received the news of the coming of the Messiah from the apostles, became the first centers of Christianity in Antioch, providing the basis for the future theological school. Such Semitic features of Antiochian patristics as literalism, historicism, and a kind of mystical materialism provoked criticism from other schools. On the other hand, Aramaic-speaking Christians could rightly call the Hebrew-Aramaic Bible "our Scriptures." As heirs to Old Testament prophets and legislators, Syrian apologists addressed the "Greeks" in a paternal tone. Theophilus of Antioch and Theodore of Mopsuestia even show a direct dependence on the rabbinic tradition of interpretation.
Conclusions. Behind the Greek language and classical rhetoric of the authors of the Antioch school are purely Semitic ways of comprehending reality and philosophical attitudes, strikingly different from all other currents of patristic. Ethnic and cultural kinship with the Jewish environment, along with some other factors, led to the literal, historical and typological exegesis, which is pertinent for the School of Antioch. Moving along parallel paths, the Jewish and Christian thinkers of Antioch periodically expressed similar intuitions. And some coincidences of interpretations appear to be direct borrowings.
Key words: School of Antioch, Jewish diaspora, exegesis, spiritual education, theology of education.
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author: Tetiana Havrylenko
Urgency of the research. Currently, in the context of the development of the New Ukrainian School, one of the priority tasks is to modernize the content of education. The first level of complete general secondary education needs special attention in the direction of updating the content of education.
Target setting. Given the educational transformations, it is natural to turn to the domestic historical and pedagogical experience. The period of development of educational standards in Ukraine is of scientific interest, which led to a revision of the content of primary education in 1996-2001.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Various aspects of the development of the content of primary education in 1996-2001 were reflected in the works of Ukrainian scientists N. M. Bibik, M. S. Vashulenko, N. S. Koval, Ya. P. Kodlyuk, O. Ya. Savchenko, V. P. Tymenko and others.
The research objective. Identify and characterize innovations in the development of primary education in the context of developing educational standards in Ukraine in 1996-2001.
The statement of basic material. One of the main issues in 1996–2001 was the modernization of the content of education, which was carried out in two directions: development of the State Standard of Primary General Education, which was to provide a single educational space, determine state requirements for students' education in the context of the requirements of the standard in accordance with the needs of contemporary society and the child's personality.
Conclusions. The analyzed sources allowed not only to gain new historical and pedagogical knowledge but also to comprehend the previous experience in the process of modern education reform. We are convinced that the priority principles in the development of the content of primary education should remain child-centeredness, national orientation, humanization, variability, differentiation, implemented in 1996-2001.
Keywords: modernization of the content of primary education; educational standards; curriculum; curriculum; textbooks; Ukraine.
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authors: Lesia Serman, Oksana Nych
Urgency of the research is to find new methods of teaching English that are interactive and meet the lexical and communicative demands of the teacher and the students, as well as the current level of English language development.
Target setting. The globalisation and universalisation of the educational environment encourage the active learning of foreign languages. In this context, the rational choice of English language learning methodology is a challenge for students and a task for university professors.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The works of scholars such as Ya. Shturb, I. Lalov, L. Dovhoruk, M. Klachkov, O. Kapinus support the hypothesis of the forward-looking of computer-based foreign language learning technologies, as modern technology allows not only to optimise working methods but also to increase motivation and learning outcomes.
The research objective. To analyse YouTube as a tool for learning English and identify features of the Woodward English channel that will contribute to the quality acquisition of this foreign language.
The statement of basic material. The definition of the method in academic discourse is considered; an indicative algorithm for using YouTube as an educational platform is developed and the main features of the Woodward English channel are analysed, the main advantages of its use and possible disadvantages are pointed out.
Conclusions. 1) Learning English opens up new opportunities for integration into the global community, including through the online space; 2) the use of YouTube, in particular the Woodward English channel, as a method of learning English helps students to be mentally active and to increase their motivation in learning English; 3) the main benefits of using the above-mentioned Internet resources are the development of communicative skills, broadening of world outlook; development of interest; encouragement of language self-study, etc.; Blogging in English improves writing skills, grammar and also generates a focus on feedback; (5) the use of information and communication technology and Woodward English channel resources supports the principles of person-centred learning.
Keywords: YouTube, Woodward English, video blog, resource, language barrier, distance learning, digital technology, video hosting, post.
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authors: Tetiana Bulhakova, Galіna Zhukova
Urgency of the research. The gender approach is considered through the prism of social and cultural ideas, personal needs, exigencies and gender stereotypes of behavior. Gender competence is aimed at addressing gender issues. It’s an important component of identifying a boy or a girl. Orientation to a system of interrelated gender concepts, ideas and ways of behavior that ensure the development of the child's self-realization is needed in pedagogical activity. Features of gender differentiation and identification provide the value attitude of representatives of both sexes to each other in sports activities.
Target setting. One of the main problems of modernity is the accelerated progradation of gender identity as a set of essential personality traits. Do gender stereotypes affect the professional orientation of subjects of sports activities?
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Studies by V. Voronova [3], O. Kurdybacha [5], T. Petrovska [6], O. Shchotka [8] and others indicate the differentiation and identification of gender stereotypes, in particular in sports.
The research objective. Inter-action in the sports microenvironment is focused on the formation and approval of practice, which depends on the possibilities of individual’s self-realization. The gender aspect of life and consideration of sexual characteristics is projected on education, organization of subject of sports activities. At the center of a heterogeneous society is the gender competence of the individual, the essence of which, inter alia, depends on pedagogical practice in educational institutions.
The statement of basic material. Gender stereotypes are intertwined in relations in society, reflect gender differences, and consolidate traditional gender roles. The concept of gender stereotype means the ability of a person to generally assess the relationships of people in the world and is the basis for inferences and uncritical conclusions. The positive function of stereotypes is the person will be able to react quickly to the changes even with limited data. The process of cognition is a reflection of objective reality, in which stereotypes often have a conservative effect. They form erroneous knowledge and ideas, which negatively affect the processes of interpersonal interaction.
Conclusions. The process of constructing differences in gender science is linked to the process of gender competence. It’s the process of assimilation by a human individual of a certain system of knowledge, norms and values that allow functioning as a full member of society. It includes both controlled processes of purposeful impact on the personality, and spontaneous processes that affect its formation. The main institutions and agents of socialization are family, school, peer group, sports section. In general, this is the environment in which the process of assimilation, perception and reproduction of the corresponding gender standards takes place.
Keywords: gender roles, gender stereotypes, educational environment, subjects of sports activity.
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